1. Wed. 9/18 If you were absent yesterday, you missed a INB check—leave your INB with me at the end of class. Test-chp.1&2 today! –Questions? –Collect study guides Lab tomorrow! —dress correctly and make sure your lab safety contract is in!

2. After Test: Pg.27 (skip pg.26) Set up Title Page for Water & pH –Write title: Water & pH –Skim through textbook pg.39-44 –Decorate page with 3 pictures that represent Water & pH –Include 3 key words (bold words)

3. Homework Complete Title Page for Water & pH Lab tomorrow! —dress correctly and make sure your lab safety contract is in!

4. Thur 9/19 If you were absent last class, you missed a Test! Water Observation Lab today –Must be dressed appropriately

5. Coalition to Ban DHMO: http://BanDHMO.org Ban DHMO: Dihydrogen Monoxide!

6. The Invisible Killer Dihydrogen monoxide (DHMO) is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and sickens over 4 billion and kills over 2 million people every year (United Nations World Health Organization, 2008: www.WHO.Int). Most of these deaths are caused by accidental inhalation of DHMO, but the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide do not end there. Prolonged exposure to its solid form causes severe tissue damage.

7. The Invisible Killer "Recreational DHMO illness can have a significant impact on public health not only because of the severity of the illness but also the number of people who die."* *Department of Health, State Of Washington (www2.DOH.WA.Gov).

8. Dihydrogen monoxide: also known as hydroxyl acid, Dihydrogen Oxide, Hydrogen Hydroxide, Hydronium Hydroxide, or simply Hydric acid. Its has been shown to mutate DNA, denature proteins, disrupt cell membranes, and chemically alter critical neurotransmitters. The atomic components of DHMO are found in a number of caustic, explosive and poisonous compounds such as Sulfuric Acid, Nitroglycerine and Ethyl Alcohol and is the major component of acid rain. contributes to the "greenhouse effect." may cause severe burns. contributes to the erosion of our natural landscape. accelerates corrosion and rusting of many metals.

9. Contamination Is Reaching Epidemic Proportions! Quantities of dihydrogen monoxide have been found in almost every stream, lake, and reservoir in America today. But the pollution is global, and the contaminant has even been found in Antarctic ice. DHMO has caused millions of dollars of property damage in the midwest, southeast, and recently Southern Nevada. DHMO contamination is even found in most cells in the human body!

10. Some of the known perils of Dihydrogen Monoxide are: Death due to accidental inhalation of DHMO, even in small quantities. Prolonged exposure to solid DHMO causes severe tissue damage. Excessive ingestion produces a number of unpleasant though not typically life-threatening side-effects. DHMO is a major component of acid rain. Gaseous DHMO can cause severe burns. Contributes to soil erosion. Leads to corrosion and oxidation of many metals. Contamination of electrical systems often causes short-circuits. Exposure decreases effectiveness of automobile brakes. Found in biopsies of pre-cancerous tumors and lesions. Given to vicious dogs involved in recent deadly attacks. Often associated with killer cyclones in the U.S. Midwest and elsewhere, and in hurricanes including deadly storms in Florida, New Orleans and other areas of the southeastern U.S. Thermal variations in DHMO are a suspected contributor to the El Nino weather effect.

11. Despite the danger, dihydrogen monoxide is often used: as an industrial solvent and coolant. in nuclear power plants. in the production of styrofoam. as a fire retardant. in many forms of cruel animal research. in the distribution of pesticides. Even after washing, produce remains contaminated by this chemical. as an additive in certain "junk-foods" and other food products. to dissolve medicines before giving them to children and older adults. by the U.S. Navy in the propulsion systems of some older vessels, by elite athletes to improve performance, in biological and chemical weapons manufacture, Companies dump waste DHMO into rivers and the ocean, and nothing can be done to stop them because this practice is still legal. The impact on wildlife is extreme, and we cannot afford to ignore it any longer!

12. Watch for these symptoms of a DHMO overdose: Excessive sweating Excessive urination Bloated feeling Nausea Vomiting Electrolyte imbalance Hyponatremia (serum hypotonicity)

13. The Horror Must Be Stopped! The American government has refused to ban the production, distribution, or use of this damaging chemical due to its "importance to the economic health of this nation." In fact, the Navy and other military organizations are conducting experiments with DHMO, and designing multi-billion dollar devices to control and utilize it during warfare situations. Hundreds of military research facilities receive millions of tons of pure DHMO through a highly sophisticated underground distribution network daily. Many facilities store large quantities for later use. Many municipalities also have DHMO storage facilities.

14. Should I be concerned about Dihydrogen Monoxide? It's Not Too Late! Yes, you should be concerned about DHMO! Although the U.S. Government and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) do not classify Dihydrogen Monoxide as a toxic or carcinogenic substance (as it does with better known chemicals such as hydrochloric acid and benzene), DHMO is a constituent of many known toxic substances, diseases and disease-causing agents, environmental hazards and can even be lethal to humans in quantities as small as a thimbleful.

15. In: pg.28 1.Are you concerned about DHMO? 2.Why or why not?

16. Pg.29 - Water Observation Activity Follow the directions on the instruction sheet. Tape the data sheet on this page.

17. Out – pg.28 What characteristics of water make it so important to life?

18. Fri 9/20

19. In: pg.30 Water Bubble Map Descriptive words and phrases. Water

20. 1. Glue in your water booklet 2. Complete each section as we view the PowerPoint Pg.31 – Properties of Water Booklet

21. Polar Molecule = a molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends Why is water a polar molecule? –Due to the unequal sharing of electrons resulting in charged ends –Oxygen pulls the electrons closer to itself resulting in a negative charge and hydrogen has a positive charge.

22. Solubility = The ability to dissolve other substances Solution: SOLUTE –Substance that is being dissolved SOLVENT –Substance into which the solute dissolves

23. 1.What is the solute in this solution? 2.What is the solvent in this solution?

24. Why is water the universal solvent? Water has the ability to dissolve a large number of substances due to its polarity. Positive and negative charged ends help water dissolve polar compounds like salt by attracting opposite charge Substances that dissolve in water are hydrophilic (water lovers) and substances that do not dissolve in water are hydrophobic (water haters).

26. Hydrogen Bonding Bond between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge.

27. What is cohesion? Force that holds molecules of a single material together Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together –Attraction of water to water forms spheres

28. Cohesion creates Surface Tension=the “skin” that forms on the surface of water

29. What is adhesion? The attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other –Attraction of water to glass walls is stronger than the cohesive forces which forms meniscus Meniscus

30. Capillary action: –The attraction between molecules that results in the rise of a liquid in small tubes. –Caused by both cohesion and adhesion –explains how water can move up plants

31. Temperature Moderation –Evaporative cooling = when water evaporates from a surface, it cools that surface down. –Ex: Sweating. –High specific heat = it takes a lot of energy to heat up water. –Water doesn’t heat up or cool down quickly

32. Density of Water Solid water is less dense than liquid water due to the shape of the water molecule and hydrogen bonding. Why ice floats on water. Liquid Water Solid Water

33. Phase Changes of Water

34. E EE EE E E E E E + 8 Protons 8 N 1 Proton + 1 Proton + 1 Proton +

35. 3 Column Vocab Pg.32 – WaterPg.33 - pH 1.Polar 2.Hydrogen bond 3.Cohesion 4.Adhesion 5.Capillarity 6.Solution 7.Solute 8.Solvent 1.Hydroxide ion 2.Hydronium ion 3.Acid 4.Base 5.pH scale 6.Buffer

36. Homework Work on vocab  will be due next Wednesday –You will have some time tomorrow

37. Out – pg.30 In this picture, 1.What is the name of the solution? 2.What is the solvent? 3.What is the solute?

38. Monday 9/23 Lab tomorrow – Dress Appropriately Water & pH Test and INB Check will be THURSDAY!

39. In: pg.34 As water molecules move about, they bump into one another. Some of these collisions are strong enough for one of the water molecules to lose a hydrogen proton. The hydrogen electron stays with the remaining oxygen and the other hydrogen that is still bonded to it. The resulting negative ion is called the hydroxide ion. The free hydrogen atom now has a positive charge and is called a hydrogen ion. Then, the positive hydrogen ion bonds with a water molecule making a positive ion called the hydronium ion. Write down the following equations and identify the following: Water molecule, hydroxide ion, hydronium ion, hydrogen ion. H 2 O  H + + OH - H + + H 2 O  H 3 O +

40. As water molecules move about, they bump into one another. Some of these collisions are strong enough for one of the water molecules to lose a hydrogen proton. The hydrogen electron stays with the remaining oxygen and the other hydrogen that is still bonded to it. The resulting negative ion is called the hydroxide ion. The free hydrogen atom now has a positive charge and is called a hydrogen ion. Then, the positive hydrogen ion bonds with a water molecule making a positive ion called the hydronium ion. Write down the following equations and identify the following: Water molecule, hydroxide ion, hydronium ion, hydrogen ion. H 2 O  H + + OH - H + + H 2 O  H 3 O + Water molecule Hydroxide ion Hydronium ion Hydrogen ion

41. Title them: pH Pg.35 Set up Cornell Notes

42. Ionization of Water –Water ionizes into hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) and hydroxide ions (OH – ). –Hydronium ions=H + ion + H 2 O Visual Concept H 2 O  H + + OH - H + + H 2 O  H 3 O +

43. pH scale A scale for comparing the relative concentrations of hydronium ions(or H+ ions) and hydroxide ions in a solution. Scale is 0 to 14 0-6 = more H+ than OH- = ACID 7 = neutral(H+=OH-) 8-14 = more OH- than H+ = BASE pH Scale

44. Acids Characteristics: Highly corrosive Sour taste (like lemons and limes) 0-6 on the pH scale Ions: Forms H+ ions (hydrogen ions). Same as saying hydronium ions(H 3 O+) –HCl  H + +Cl- –The more H+ ions it creates, the stronger the acid. Examples: HCl-hydrochloric acid H 2 SO 4 -sulfuric acid Acetic acid Citric acid

45. Bases Characteristics: Alkaline=another name for basic Bitter taste Slippery pH above 7 Ions: Forms OH- ions (hydroxide ions) Examples: NaOH-sodium hydroxide

46. Buffers  Chemicals that neutralize the effects of adding small amounts of either an acid or a base to a solution.  They make acids more basic and bases more acidic.  They move a solution towards 7  (neutral on the pH scale) Visual Concept

47. Finish Cornell Notes Write 3 questions in left column Write 3-sentence summary at bottom

48. Continue working on 3 Column Vocab Pg.32 – WaterPg.33 - pH 1.Polar 2.Hydrogen bond 3.Cohesion 4.Adhesion 5.Capillarity 6.Solution 7.Solute 8.Solvent 1.Hydroxide ion 2.Hydronium ion 3.Acid 4.Base 5.pH scale 6.Buffer

49. Homework 3 column vocab  will be due Wednesday Reminder  dress for lab tomorrow!!!

50. Out Tent Paragraph: use the 5 terms in a paragraph. Highlight the 5 terms as you use them. 1.Acid 2.Base 3.pH scale 4.Hydroxide ion (OH-) 5.Hydronium ion (H 3 O + )

51. Tues 9/24 Lab today – Must Be Dressed Appropriately Water & pH Test and INB Check will be THURSDAY!

52. In: pg.36 If a substance has a pH of 3, what are 3 things you can tell me about that substances characteristics? (hint: use the pH scale, think about ions) Tape in the pH scale in this section to help you.

53. Pg.37 - pH of Common Substances Lab Sheet. Glue in Lab Sheet Complete lab and record info here

54. Homework Write your conclusion for the pH lab

55. Out – pg.36 The active ingredient in aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid. Why would doctors recommend buffered aspirin, especially for those with a “sensitive” stomach?

56. Wed. 9/25 INB Quiz 3 Today – get out half sheet, #1-8 Water & pH Test and INB Check will be TOMORROW!

57. After Quiz Finish Water & pH Vocab – Pg.32&33 Make sure notebook is ready for check tomorrow Work on Water & pH Study Guide –Answer on sheet or separate sheet of paper –Work on in class, complete for homework, use to study for test tomorrow –Will be collected tomorrow for a separate grade

58. Homework Complete Study Guide Study for Water/pH test tomorrow

59. Thur 9/26 Water/pH Test INB Check 3 After – set up chp.3 title page

60. After Test: pg.39 (skip pg.38) Set up Title Page for Chapter 3 –Write title of Chapter 3 (from textbook) –Skim through Chp.3 –Decorate page with 3 pictures that represent Chp.3 –Include 3 key words