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Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities Phil Hurvitz College of Forest Resources University of Washington April 7, 2003.

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Presentation on theme: "Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities Phil Hurvitz College of Forest Resources University of Washington April 7, 2003."— Presentation transcript:

1 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities Phil Hurvitz College of Forest Resources University of Washington April 7, 2003

2 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_200304072 Overview Historical context of ESRI GIS spatial analysis tools Limitations of ArcInfo/AML Advantages of ArcView/Avenue Introducing 4 ArcView/Avenue based extensions for spatial analysis Conclusion

3 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_200304073 Overview Historical context of ESRI GIS spatial analysis tools Limitations of ArcInfo/AML Advantages of ArcView/Avenue Introducing 4 ArcView/Avenue based extensions for spatial analysis Conclusion

4 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_200304074 Historical context of ESRI GIS spatial analysis tools ArcInfo has dominated the GIS market for years (20+ years) New software tools have become available more recently More functionality in a more user-friendly environment ArcView (version 1.0, 1993?) ArcGIS (version 8.0, 1999?)

5 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_200304075 Historical context of ESRI GIS spatial analysis tools ArcInfo interface ArcView interface ArcGIS interface

6 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_200304076 Overview Historical context of ESRI GIS spatial analysis tools Limitations of ArcInfo/AML Advantages of ArcView/Avenue Introducing 4 ArcView/Avenue based extensions for spatial analysis Conclusion

7 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_200304077 Limitations of ArcInfo/AML ArcInfo is a very robust environment for spatial analysis AML (Arc Macro Language) provides a programming environment for automating functionality AML is a procedural language-based (macro) API for development of applications + As users become better at the command line, their programming/command skills will increase – If users do not start programming, their programming/procedure skills will never increase beyond a very basic level – Procedural languages are not compiled, so their programs run slowly

8 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_200304078 Limitations of ArcInfo/AML (continued) – AML is “clunky” Basic dialogs do not exist File saving, file writing, feature/record selections, graphical symbol definition File locations are difficult to handle Hard-coded pathnames are easier to program Hard-coded pathnames reduce flexibility – AMLs are completely file-based AMLs exist as separate files that must be managed Files can get corrupted, incorrectly altered, or lost without proper management Inter-application macros must refer to specific AML files/pathnames

9 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_200304079 Limitations of ArcInfo/AML (continued) – Because ArcInfo has no GUI, associating scripts with buttons or menus requires ArcTools programming – ArcTools provides an API for creating GUIs The ArcTools API is very difficult to code ArcTools still runs on an AML back-end, which is slow

10 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040710 Overview Historical context of ESRI GIS spatial analysis tools Limitations of ArcInfo/AML Advantages of ArcView/Avenue Introducing 4 ArcView/Avenue based extensions for spatial analysis Conclusion

11 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040711 Advantages of ArcView/Avenue ArcView provides a new API: Avenue programming language with several major advantages (and a few drawbacks) – ArcView runs in native mode with no command line API needs to be learned as an entire new environment + Avenue is compiled code rather than procedural Runs much faster

12 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040712 Advantages of ArcView/Avenue, continued + Scripts can be easily associated with menus, buttons, and tools in the GUI + Not file-based Scripts are typically created & stored in projects rather than as stand-alone files Scripts can be packaged in “Extensions,” which provide complete application functionality as simple add-ins Extension is a single OS file containing all necessary scripts & GUI controls

13 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040713 Overview Historical context of ESRI GIS spatial analysis tools Limitations of ArcInfo/AML Advantages of ArcView/Avenue Introducing 4 ArcView/Avenue based extensions for spatial analysis Conclusion

14 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040714 Introducing 4 ArcView/Avenue based extensions for spatial analysis LineSlope Analyst LMS Analyst FocalPatch Analyst WBC Analyst

15 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040715 Introducing 4 ArcView/Avenue based extensions for spatial analysis LineSlope Analyst LMS Analyst FocalPatch Analyst WBC Analyst

16 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040716 LineSlope Analyst Stream or road gradient is an important metric in hydrology & forest engineering Gradient is easily calculated on a segment-by- segment or line-by-line basis 200 ft 205 ft 30 ft slope % = rise / run * 100% (205 – 200) / 30 * 100% = 16.7%

17 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040717 LineSlope Analyst Although gradient is easily calculated on a segment- by-segment or stream-by-stream basis, it takes programming to calculate gradient for an entire stream data set.

18 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040718 LineSlope Analyst LineSlope Analyst Extension adds a single button to calculate gradient for any linear feature

19 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040719 LineSlope Analyst

20 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040720 Introducing 4 ArcView/Avenue based extensions for spatial analysis LineSlope Analyst LMS Analyst FocalPatch Analyst WBC Analyst

21 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040721 LMS Analyst The Landscape Management System (LMS) is an integrated forest growth model, visualization, and analysis application Incorporates GIS data in several modules EnVision or SVS visualization module Tree list expansion factors (rely on stand area) Growth models (require stand-level topographic characteristics)

22 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040722 LMS Analyst Stand topographic metrics are needed for growth models Mean elevation per stand Mean slope per stand Mean aspect per stand USGS or LiDAR based DEMs can be used to calculate these metrics

23 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040723 LMS Analyst

24 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040724 LMS Analyst: Mean Elevation Mean elevation is a simple calculation

25 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040725 LMS Analyst: Mean Slope Mean slope is a simple calculation

26 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040726 LMS Analyst: Mean Aspect Mean aspect is not a simple calculation 359º = nearly due north 1º = nearly due north ( 359º + 1º ) / 2 = 180º Nearly due south! Must convert values to radian measures and use a more complicated calculation Algebraic & trigonometric functions are available in ArcView 359 º 1 º 180 º

27 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040727 LMS Analyst: Mean Aspect Mean aspect is not is a simple calculation custom calculation

28 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040728 LMS Analyst: Multiple nested buffers Forests & Fish rules require multiple nested riparian buffers ArcView includes a simple buffer method Single buffers Nested buffers, but only at equal-width Nested buffers required by F&F are not equal- width LMS Analyst MultiBuffer creates multiple nested buffers at users’ definition

29 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040729 LMS Analyst: Multiple nested buffers

30 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040730 Introducing 4 ArcView/Avenue based extensions for spatial analysis LineSlope Analyst LMS Analyst FocalPatch Analyst WBC Analyst

31 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040731 FocalPatch Analyst FRAGSTATS is commonly used to calculate spatial metrics for landscapes, patches, or classes FRAGSTATS as originally written calculates metrics only for the entire landscape or for entire or specific patches What are the landscape characteristics in a neighborhood around a specific location? How do neighborhood landscape characteristics change across large landscapes?

32 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040732 Fragstats Patch metrics (image from Fragstats manual)

33 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040733 Fragstats Class metrics (image from Fragstats manual)

34 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040734 Fragstats Landscape metrics (image from Fragstats manual)

35 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040735 Focal Functions in GIS Processing occurs on a central cell in conjunction with the values associated in its neighborhood “Moving window” “Kernel”

36 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040736 FocalPatch Analyst On a cell-by-cell basis Creates a point feature at the cell center Extracts the region in a user-specified radius around the point Calculates landscape metrics for that circle Places metrics back into point attribute table Point data can be interpolated to create different surfaces of each different focal landscape metric

37 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040737 FocalPatch Analyst Extracts circular region from land cover grid at user-defined radius

38 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040738 FocalPatch Analyst Calculates landscape metrics Rempel’s interface Rempel’s batch script

39 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040739 FocalPatch Analyst Calculates landscape metrics Values represent the landscape metrics for the circular focal region around the central cell

40 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040740 Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions Some animal species respond to large regions of landscapes Typical animal-landscape relationships are analyzed either by point processes or by land cover types Is there a relationship between local (focal) landscape metrics and actual animal usage of landscape? To which landscape characteristics do animals respond?

41 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040741 Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions utilization distribution (UD) limit processing to UD

42 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040742 Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions contrast-weighted edge surfaceutilization distribution

43 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040743 Patch Metrics and Utilization Distributions Regression techniques are used to determine strength of relationship between utilization and landscape metrics Multiple regression Raster regression within GRID Process described in paper submitted to Ecology (Marzluff et al., 2003)

44 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040744 Introducing 4 ArcView/Avenue based extensions for spatial analysis LineSlope Analyst LMS Analyst FocalPatch Analyst WBC Analyst

45 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040745 WBC Analyst Do patterns of urban environmental structure have an effect on exercise? Are particular urban settings more conducive to exercise? “Walk Friendly” “Bike Friendly” Urban structure must be quantified before answering these questions GIS provides the tools for quantifying the composition and configuration of urban structure

46 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040746 WBC Analyst Performs tasks that would be either impossible or extremely time-consuming manually Analysis based on proximity to selected households Based on Euclidean and network buffers, network connectivity

47 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040747 WBC Analyst Tallies land uses within user-specified distance of households Finds closest of each land use type, by Euclidean and network distance

48 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040748 WBC Analyst Creates convex hull “neighborhood clusters” of key urban land uses (e.g., grocery & retail stores) Clusters are defined by particular land uses and numbers of parcels within a specific proximity

49 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040749 WBC Analyst Tallies land uses within neighborhood clusters Determines Euclidean and network distances to each household’s closest neighborhood cluster

50 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040750 WBC Analyst Telephone survey has obtained personal exercise habits for 750 households in King Co. WBC Analyst creates output tables to be used for statistical analysis with telephone survey results If there is a relationship between urban structure and habits, it will be possible to predict the “walkability” and “bikeability” of neighborhoods based solely on readily available GIS data. CDC funding for initial project

51 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040751 Overview Historical context of ESRI GIS spatial analysis tools Limitations of ArcInfo/AML Advantages of ArcView/Avenue Introducing 4 ArcView/Avenue based extensions for spatial analysis Conclusion

52 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040752 Conclusion New generation GIS environments coupled with powerful and extensible APIs hold much promise for creating science-based applications ArcGIS, with its COM API will allow even greater extensibility, allowing its object model to work with any other COM-compliant application (e.g. MS Office, next generation LMS & EnVision) Extensions allow applications to be used widely with little back-end configuration

53 Extending ArcView’s Spatial Analysis Capabilities © Phil Hurvitz usfs_2003040753 Conclusion phurvitz@u.washington.edu http://gis.washington.edu/phurvitz

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