1. Groups and Decision Making Lewin, Lipett, & White - Classic Study of Leadership Style Group Polarization - Risky Shift

2. Group Polarization

3. Groups and Decision Making (cont.) Lewin, Lipett, & White - Classic Study of Leadership Style Group Polarization - Risky Shift Myers &Bishop, 1970

4. Myers & Bishop

5. Groups and Decision Making (cont.) Lewin, Lipett, & White - Classic Study of Leadership Style Group Polarization - Risky Shift Myers &Bishop, 1970 Explanations Social Comparisons Arguments

6. GroupThink Famous Examples Pearl Harbor; Bay of Pigs; Iraq invasion? Social Conditions Leading to GroupThink Highly Cohesive Homogenous Groups Insulation of the Group Directive Leadership and Charismatic Leader Symptoms Overestimates of Groups Might and Right Closed-Mindedness Pressures toward Uniformity Groups and Decision Making (cont.)

7. Social Facilitation - What is the effect of having other people around? Zajonc’s answer - the mere presence of others causes arousal which facilitates dominant responses and impairs subordinate responses The Effect of Groups on Performance

8. Zajonc & Sales

9. The Effect of Groups on Performance (cont.) Social Facilitation - What is the effect of having other people around? Zajonc’s answer - the mere presence of others causes arousal which facilitates dominant responses and impairs subordinate responses Evaluation Apprehension - It is the fact that people are evaluating you -- not their mere presence -- that causes social facilitation Distraction-Conflict - it is distracting stimuli that causes social facilitation and people are distracting Social Loafing - People slackoff in groups Unless their individual input is monitored

10. Social Loafing

11. When do you get social facilitation vs. loafing?