1. 1980s To 2014 Highlights

2. Fashion Shoulder pads Mullets Bangs Pegged, acid-wash jeans w/ side slit Jelly shoes Big hair

3. Media Miami Vice Specialized TV Stations Ferris Bueller’s Day Off Dukes of Hazard

4. Music Billy Idol Duran Whitesnake Madonna U2

5. Technology VCR: $1276 CD player

6. USA Olympic Hockey Team Mike Eruzione

7. Ronald Reagan Reagan was a Hollywood movie star Governor of California Elected in 1980 “the Great Communicator”: Soviet jokesSoviet jokes First Divorced president Elected by the “Moral Majority” Nancy and Ronald Reagan

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The major political parties in the United States in the late 20 th century were the Democrats and the Republicans. Democrats were often labeled liberals. Republicans were usually conservatives.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Liberal viewpoint Favored more government involvement to lessen extreme economic inequalities through social programs (often leading to higher taxes) government regulation of industry Favor liberal social agenda (gay rights, abortion) Protect the environment Favored international diplomacy to combat communism in other countries

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Conservative viewpoint Favored limited government involvement in business and welfare stimulate economic growth by reducing taxes decreasing regulation of industry Favored relying on our own national defense and actively fighting against communism in other countries Traditional Family Use of Environment

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Conservatives argued that the government taxed too heavily and complained about unfunded mandates. They also thought that President Johnson’s promise of a Great Society increased poverty and even contributed to the decline of traditional family values.

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Moral Majority, a political organization formed by Rev. Jerry Falwell, worked to fulfill religious goals. It backed the Republican Party. Religious groups began to actively support the conservative movement.

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1980, the conservatives were back. Ronald Reagan won the presidency with 50.6 percent of the popular vote. The Republicans achieved a majority in the Senate for the first time in 25 years.

14. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Reagan based his economic policy on the theory of supply-side economics. He believed that lower taxes would increase spending. Some people referred to his economic policies as Reaganomics.

15. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Reagan’s Economic Recovery Act of 1981 cut taxes by 25 percent. He convinced Congress to cut $40 billion from the federal budget, largely from social programs. He brought deregulation to industries including the banking, telecommunications, and airline industries.

16. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In spite of Reagan’s policies, the economy experienced a severe recession lasting from 1980 to 1982. More than 10 percent of workers were unemployed. Blue-collar workers were hit especially hard. The number of poor people grew, while the richest percentage of Americans became richer.

17. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The recession ended in 1983. The economy began to rebound, but other economic problems persisted. Reagan increased defense spending, but he did not persuade Congress to make huge budget cuts in other areas. The national debt rose to $2.5 trillion. Nevertheless, the federal budget deficit grew from $79 billion in 1981 to $221 billion in 1986.

18. Reagan’s Military “Star Wars:” March 1983, Reagan authorized the Strategic Defense Initiative to intercept nuclear missiles. It wasn’t possible-----but don’t tell the Russians that

19. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Reagan did not think that the Soviet Union could afford to spend as much on defense. The military build-up included the Strategic Defense Initiative. Defense spending rose dramatically. President Reagan believed that communism could be weakened by building up the American military.

20. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Afghanistan – U.S.–backed guerillas fought Soviet forces. El Salvador - The U.S. backed the right-wing government against leftist rebels. Grenada - U.S. troops invaded to prevent the nation from becoming a communist outpost. Nicaragua - The U.S. backed Contras to prevent the new government from providing the Soviets with a “safe house” in America’s backyard. The Reagan administration also aimed to weaken the Soviet Union by supporting anticommunist groups around the world. Some of these actions were legally questionable.

21. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1985, the United States sold weapons to Iran. In return, Iran pressured Lebanese terror groups to release some American hostages. The U.S used the money from gun sales to secretly fund the Contras in Nicaragua. But Congress banned sending funds to the Contras in 1983. Several leading Reagan officials were convicted in this scandal, but Reagan remained popular after he left office. The Iran-Contra affair damaged Reagan’s reputation during his second term.

22. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Mikhail Gorbachev became the president of the Soviet Union in 1985. His twin policies of glasnost and perestroika moved the Soviet Union away from socialism and marked the beginning of a new era in U.S.–Soviet relations. Some scholars also credit Reagan’s arms buildup with hastening the collapse of the Soviet Union.

23. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1989, several Eastern European nations ousted their communist regimes. Poland Hungary Czechoslovakia Germany Bulgaria Romania The fall of the Berlin Wall in Germany symbolized the end of communism in Europe.

24. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Soviet Union broke apart in 1991. The Cold War, which had lasted more than 45 years, was finally over. Newly elected President George H.W. Bush signed agreements with Gorbachev and his successor, President Boris Yeltsin. They pledged friendship, cooperation, and reduction in the buildup of nuclear weapons.

25. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. But the United States continued to confront trouble in the Middle East. The United States clashed with Libya throughout the 1980s. In 1983, 241 American marines were killed in Lebanon.

26. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. He appointed conservative justices to the Supreme Court, including Sandra Day O’Connor, the first female justice. He promoted legislation allowing religious groups access to public school facilities. Despite the deficit, the growing economy made Reagan a very popular president who strengthened the conservative cause. Reagan easily won reelection in 1984, but the Democrats retained control of the House of Representatives.

27. Sandra Day O’Connor Nominated in 1981 as the first woman female Supreme Court Justice

28. The Judicial Shift Sandra Day O’Connor William Rehnquist Antonin Scalia Anthony Kennedy

29. Social Problems Crime, Drugs, Homelessness, AIDS

30. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Another challenge faced the nation, in the form of a new disease called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Nevertheless, by 1994, AIDS had killed more than 250,000 Americans. President Reagan responded slowly to the AIDS crisis. Funding for research on the disease rose during George H.W. Bush’s term.

31. Immigration Immigration and Reform Act 1986 – made it illegal to hire or recruit illegal immigrants knowingly; – legalized certain seasonal agricultural illegal immigrants, and; – legalized illegal immigrants who entered the United States before January 1, 1982

32. The Space Program April 12, 1981: space shuttle Columbia takes off. 1983: Sally Ride is the 1 st woman in space. January 1986: space shuttle Challenger explodes shortly after takeoff, killing all 7 crew members aboard.

33. Space Race continues Challenger explosion Jan. 28, 1986 Blew up 73 seconds after take off, 7 crewmen killed Christa McAuliffe was aboard: a junior high and high school social studies teacher. – She was chosen out of 11,000 applicants

34. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. He won by calling for a “kinder, gentler nation” and promising not to raise taxes. Reagan’s Vice President George H.W. Bush won the presidency in 1988.