1. Honors Chem Unit 10

2. Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) Gases are made of mostly empty space and a few fast moving particles. Molecules are constantly in motion and collide Particles move faster with increased temperature

3. Properties of Gases Low Density Expansion Compressibility Fluidity

4. Properties of Gases Diffusion: spontaneous mixing of gases

5. Properties of Gases Effusion: gas particles pass through a small opening

6. Graham’s Law of Diffusion (or Effusion) “Lighter, faster, farther”

7. Graham’s Law of Diffusion (or Effusion)

8. Pressure (P) Collisions of particles w/ container

9. Pressure Units 1 atm (atmosphere) of pressure is the average pressure at sea level 1 atm= 760 mmHg (millimeters of Mercury) = 760 torr = 101.3 kPa (kilo Pascals) = 14.7 psi (pounds per square inch)

10. Volume (V) amount of space that a gas occupies Liters (L) 1 L = 1000mL

11. Temperature average kinetic energy of gas particles. Kelvin (K) Celsius is not used—Why? o C + 273 = K Absolute Zero = 0 Kelvin (-273 C)

12. STP STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure Exactly 0 o C and 1 atm At STP, one mole of gas (6.02 x10 23 particles) occupies 22.4 L

13. The Combined Gas Law Equation

14. Charles’ Law: Volume and Temp Volume increases, temperature increases Pressure and moles are held constant (toss ‘em)

15. Charles’ Law: Equation Remember: Temperatures must be in Kelvin

16. Charles’ Law: Graph

17. Charles’ Law : Example A gas sample at 25 o C and 752 mL is heated to 50 o C, what is the new volume?

18. Boyle’s Law : Pressure and Volume Pressure and Volume are inversely related. Temperature and moles are held constant (toss ‘em)

19. Boyle’s Law : Equation Remember: Pressure units on both sides of the equation must be the same P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2

20. Boyle’s Law: Graph

21. Boyle’s Law Example Q: A 1.0 L sample of gas is held at standard pressure, 1.0 atm. The pressure of the gas is reset to 152 mmHg. What is the new volume of the gas?

22. Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature Temperature and pressure are directly related Volume and moles are held constant (toss ‘em)

23. Gay-Lussac’s Law: Equation

24. Gay-Lussac’s Law: Graph

25. Gay-Lussac’s Law: Example Q: A gas has a pressure of 0.370 atm at 50.0 °C. What is the pressure at standard temperature?

26. Charles Law: Simulation

27. Charles’ Law: Video Demo

28. Boyle’s Law: Simulation

29. Boyle’s Law: Video Clip

30. Gay-Lussac’s Law: Simulation

31. Gay-Lussac’s Law: Video Clip