1. VISUAL METAPHOR assamblage / collage / / surrealistic object

2. metaphor is a figure of speech that compares one thing to another. A metaphor states that one thing is another thing, instead of saying it’s like something else. It does not use “like” or “as” to make the comparison.

4. Picasso – głowa byka

6. Surrealistic objects

7. Salwador Dali - telefon

8. Meret Oppenheim

9. Victor Brauner – loup table

10. Salwador Dali - Wenus

11. Salwador Dali – kanapa usta

12. Jan Simon, chleb krakowski, obiekt ruchomy

13. Marcel Duchamp ready-made

14. Fontanna – Robert Mutt

16. The Independents' Show of 1917 and Beyond Internal dissension led to the breakup of the Association of American Painters and Sculptors in 1916. Later that year the Society of Independent Artists was founded with the same goal as the AAPS, discovering and advancing new styles and artists. Its first exhibition, in 1917, was bigger than the Armory Show. More than twenty-five hundred works by some thirteen hundred artists were exhibited at the Grand Central Palace in New York City. It was not as successful critically or financially. Again critics were up in arms over Marcel Duchamp, who, under the pseudonym of Richard Mutt, had submitted a urinal as a piece of sculpture called Fountain. The society rejected it, but the considerable publicity surrounding the work, which was subsequently exhibited at Stieglitz's 291 gallery, helped to spread Duchamp's message: there was no difference between "art" and the most common aspects of human life. Though the involvement of the United States in World War I temporarily suspended discussions of aesthetics, the controversies and ideas that were born during the 1910s influenced American artists for the rest of the century.

19. Man Ray - żelazko

21. imagination, joke, absurdity

22. Madonna karcąca dzieciątko przy świadkach, Max Ernst

23. Directory of nonexistent objects Carelman

34. Assamblage

35. Assemblage is an artistic process. In the visual arts, it consists of making three-dimensional or two-dimensionalvisual arts artistic compositions by putting together found objects. The origin of the artform dates to the cubist constructions of Pablo Picasso c. 1912-1914. [4] The origin of the word (in its artistic sense)Pablo Picasso [4] can be traced back to the early 1950s, when Jean Dubuffet created a series of collages of butterfly wings,Jean Dubuffet which he titled assemblages d'empreintes. However, both Marcel Duchamp and Pablo PicassoMarcel DuchampPablo Picasso had been working with found objects for many years prior to Dubuffet. They were not alone.found objects Russian artist Vladimir Tatlin creates his "counter-reliefs" in the middle of 1910s.Vladimir Tatlin Alongside Tatlin, the earliest woman artist to try her hand at assemblage was Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven,Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven the Dada Baroness. In addition, one of the earliest and most prolific was Louise Nevelson,Louise Nevelson who began creating her sculptures from found pieces of wood in the late 1930s. In 1961, the exhibition "The Art of Assemblage" was featured at the New York Museum of Modern Art.Museum of Modern Art The exhibition showcased the work of early 20th-century European artists such as : BraqueBraque, Dubuffet, Marcel Duchamp, Picasso, and Kurt SchwittersDubuffetMarcel DuchampPicassoKurt Schwitters alongside Americans Man Ray, Joseph Cornell, Robert Mallary and Robert Rauschenberg,Man RayJoseph CornellRobert Rauschenberg and also included less well known American West Coast assemblage artists such as: George Herms, Bruce Conner and Edward Kienholz. William C Seitz, the curator of the exhibition,George HermsBruce ConnerEdward Kienholz described assemblages as being made up of preformed natural or manufactured materials, objects, or fragments not intended as art materials. [5] [5]

36. Suzanna Scott

37. Joseph Cornell

42. Robert Rauchenberg

45. Robert Rauschenberg, Untitled, Combine painting, 1955.

46. Arman

47. 3 of Arman’s “accumulations of refuse in plexiglass”—left: Petits Dechets Bourgeois, 1959; middle: Robert Rauchenberg's Refuse, 1970; right: Hommage a France Raysse, 1960.Petits Dechets BourgeoisRobert Rauchenberg's RefuseHommage a France Raysse Arman – nowy realizm francuski. akumulacje

48. Christo, Package, 1963

49. Fig. 8. Man Ray, The Enigma of Isidore Ducasse, 1920

50. Cesar- compression, nowy realizm, Francja lata 60-te

54. dolls, mannequins

60. Maurizio Catellan

66. Erwin Wurm

77. Claes Oldenburg

83. Jeff Koons

90. Louise Bourgeois