1. Monitoring and Evaluation Prof. Thomas Tufte, PhD Roskilde University Presentation given at MIH, University of Copenhagen, 19 February 2013

2. What is Monitoring and Evaluation about? Why monitor and evaluate?Why monitor and evaluate? Who decides what to monitor?Who decides what to monitor? –The people, the org/consultant, the donor What to monitor and evaluate?What to monitor and evaluate? –Processes, outcomes, impact Using what tools? From KAP to EthnographyUsing what tools? From KAP to Ethnography –Baseline: survey, qualitative strategies Time line? Long-, medium- shorttermTime line? Long-, medium- shortterm M> < external

3. Challenges in M&E - which change process are you evaluating? Individual Change Knowledge Skills Attitudes Practices Social Change Leadership Degree and Equity of Participation Information Equity Collective Self-Efficacy Sense of Ownership Social Cohesion Social Norms

4. What are you evaluating? What level of intervention are you evaluating:What level of intervention are you evaluating: –Individual –Community –Societal Distiguish between processes and outcomesDistiguish between processes and outcomes

5. What are you expecting from an evaluation? Results of specific intervention?Results of specific intervention? Understanding of change processes?Understanding of change processes? Organizing observable evidence will produce resultsOrganizing observable evidence will produce results Producing insights through analysis with produce understandingProducing insights through analysis with produce understanding

6. Soul City Experience Media monitoringMedia monitoring Partnership analysisPartnership analysis National surveyNational survey Sentinel site studiesSentinel site studies Cost efficiency analysisCost efficiency analysis Three levels of analysis: individual, community, societyThree levels of analysis: individual, community, society

7. From KAP to ’Integrated Model’ M&E on Individual Behaviour Change: KAP Studies/Steps to Behaviour ChangeM&E on Individual Behaviour Change: KAP Studies/Steps to Behaviour Change M&E on Social Change:M&E on Social Change: –The Integrated Model on CFSC –Most Significant Change (MSC)

8. Communication for Social Change: what kinds of interventions ➢ Stimulating community dialogues ➢ Creating an enabling information and communication environment; ➢ Catalysing social change ➢ Promoting accountability CFSC approaches (Malawi) FEMINA: Plural media capable of airing discordant voices, and spaces for public dialogue (Talk shows, FEMINA, SiMChezo, Pilika Pilika) Soul City Access to and sharing information and participatory budgeting