1. CHAPTER 18 THE AGE OF CITIES

2. Population Growth 1860 31,443,321 1880 50,155,783 1900 75,994,575 1920 105,710,620

3. Growth of Cities 1860-1900 New York 1 to 3 million Chicago 100,000 to 1 million

4. 1920 First time a majority of Americans (51.2%) live in urban areas (2500 or more)

5. Why Growth? *Migration movement from rural areas to the cities

6. Young women: Larger farms & commercial farms mean less farm family and less chance for marriage Southern Blacks: Start of movement to the North

7. What is the lure? *convenience *entertainment *culture *better paying jobs

8. *Immigration 1860-189010 million 1890-192018 million

9. 2 nd great shift in immigration Southern and Eastern Europe They were: Uneducated Poor Unskilled

10. Ellis Island

18. Groups tend to settle together in the same geographic location

19. Little Italy

21. As larger groups get established, they turn their numbers into political power

22. John Francis Fitzgerald “Honey Fitz”

23. Reactions Deny entry to undesirables: Convicts Paupers Mentally ill 50¢ Tax per person

24. PROBLEMS IN THE CITIES

25. Housing

26. Lack of Transportation

27. Congestion of the City causes: Disease

28. Chicago Fire - 1871

30. Greatest problem: POVERTY

31. POLITICAL MACHINES & THE BOSS

32. How Machines work *Help people out *Reward supporters *Power of immigrant vote *Link with wealthy *Weakness of city government

33. Tweed Ring William Tweed

34. Thomas Nast

35. “Let us Prey”

37. “I don't care a straw for your newspaper articles; my constituents don't know how to read, but they can't help seeing them damned pictures.” - Boss Tweed - November 1870

51. Beginning of mass consumption and mass marketing White collar workers have money

52. Start of Department stores and ready made clothes

53. Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. A & P

54. Sears Building

55. Sports as Entertainment

57. Boston 1903 World Series

58. Dickinson College 1900

59. John L. Sullivan

60. Florenz Ziegfeld

65. Samuel Clemens Mark Twain

66. Stephen Crane

67. Upton Sinclair

68. Education Public HS 1860-100 1914-12,000 1900: 31 states have compulsory school attendance

69. Carlisle School for Indians Richard Henry Pratt “Kill the Indian, save the man”

70. Education for Women Land Grant Colleges begin to accept women

71. Women’s College set up: Vassar Wellesly Smith Bryn Mawr

72. Pragmatists: William James No idea valid unless it stood test of experience Applied to other areas: F.J. Turner

73. The Gilded Age

74. " What is the chief end of man?--to get rich. In what way?--dishonestly if we can; honestly if we must." -- Mark Twain-1871

75. Carnegie 5 th Ave & 91 st St

76. Mrs. Astor 6 th Ave & 65 th St

77. Vanderbilt Chateau 5 th Ave & 52nd St

78. The Breakers

80. Belcourt Castle

81. The Elms

82. Marble House

83. Beechwood

86. Fenway Court

88. Wedding of Helen Hay to Payne Whitney

89. Evelyn Nesbit ‘The Girl on the Red Velvet Swing’

90. Stanford White The Crime of the Century