1. Dr Carol Craig

3. Useful perspectives Culture of inequality (Spirit Level, Wilkinson and Pickett) Lack of psychosocial integration (Bruce Alexander ) Unstable/poor gender relations (eg Research into the importance of marriage by Professor Andrew Oswald ) ‘Adverse Childhood Experiences’ (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention)

4. Prevalence of Specific ‘Adverse Childhood Experiences’ (ACE study) ACE Category Data collected 1995-98 (but relating to childhood of respondents with a mean age of 57) Women (n 9,367) % Men (n 7,970) % Total (n 17,337) % Abuse Emotional abuse Physical abuse (smacked or hit) Sexual abuse (by anyone 5 years older) 13.1 27.0 24.7 7.6 29.9 16.0 10.6 28.3 20.7 Neglect Emotional neglect Physical neglect 16.7 9.2 12.4 10.7 14.8 9.9 Household dysfunction Mother treated violently Household subst. abuse (alcohol or drugs) Household mental illness (depression, attempted suicide) Parents separate/divorce Incarcerated household member 13.7 29.5 23.3 24.5 5.2 11.5 23.8 14.8 21.8 4.1 12.7 26.9 19.4 23.3 4.7

5. Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE Scores) WomenMenTotal 0 1 2 3 4 or more 34.5 24.5 15.5 10.3 15.2 38.0 37.9 16.4 8.6 9.2 36.1 26.0 15.9 9.5 12.5 Prevalence of ‘Adverse Childhood Experiences’ (ACE study)

9. Useful perspectives Culture of inequality Lack of psychosocial integration Unstable/poor gender relations ‘Adverse Childhood Experiences’ Materialist values ( Tim Kasser )

10. The high price of materialism Tim Kasser Materialist/extrinsic values: Money and what it can buy Appearance Status, popularity, fame

11. Useful perspectives Culture of inequality Lack of psychosocial integration Unstable/poor gender relations ‘Adverse Childhood Experiences’ Materialist values Well-being research (Self-determination theory, positive psychology)

12. Well-being research - what matters Exercise/being outdoors Good relationships Work (but some jobs much better than others) Sense of autonomy/personal control Skills, competence, engagement, flow Meaning - serving a goal bigger than self.