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Made up of DNA and proteins
Chromosome Made up of DNA and proteins
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Chromatid ½ of a chromosome 2 chromatids = 1 chromosome
TWO appear during the process of mitosis = SISTERS!
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What does homologous mean?
Homo = the same Hetero = different
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Homologous The same!! We get ½ our chromosomes from
… and ½ our chromosomes from
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Mom Dad Homologous Pair Dad Mom
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Who you callin' a diploid??
Haploid vs. Diploid Who you callin' a diploid??
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*Has only ONE set of unpaired chromosomes*
Haploid cells *Has only ONE set of unpaired chromosomes* What is the haploid number of human cells? 23
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Cell that contains TWO haploid sets of chromosomes
Diploid cells Cell that contains TWO haploid sets of chromosomes What is the diploid number of human cells? 46
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Haploid vs. Diploid The reference to haploid cells is 1N
The reference to diploid cells is 2N If N = 23 for humans (haploid) Then 2N ( 2 x 23 ) = 46 (diploid) Get it??
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Human gemetes = Haploid = 23 chromosomes each
Gametes Hey baby… You complete me! are SEX CELLS! Sperm Ovum (egg) Human gemetes = Haploid = 23 chromosomes each
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With a partner, determine the haploid number for gametes of the following organisms
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Sex chromosomes vs. Autosomes
Sex chromosomes = this is what determines our sex (duh!) Autosomes = all the other chromosomes
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Humans have 1 pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes
X and Y (male) X and X (female)
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Sexual Reproduction TWO parents
Each contribute ½ the genetic information by fusion of haploid gametes (sperm and egg) Offspring contains traits from both parents, but not identical to either Involves FERTILIZATION = the moment sperm enters the egg
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Asexual Reproduction ONE parent NO fusion of gametes
Offspring are clones (identical) to parent
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Pick a corner Sexual Asexual Both are equally advantageous
I don’t have an opinion yet, I need more time
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Which type of reproduction do you think is more of an advantage for organisms?
WHY?
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Response:
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What is Meiosis?? Process of cell division in which the chromosomal number is cut in ½, resulting in creation of gametes In other words – the genetic mix-up to make sure that all sperm and egg have a different genetic code
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Spermatogenesis The process in which sperm is produced = 4 sperm per 1 cell!
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Oogenesis The process in which an ovum (egg) is produced = 1 egg and 3 polar bodies per 1 cell!
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Crossing-Over The exchange of genetic material between
homologous chromosomes during meiosis
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Law of Independent Assortment
States that genes separate independently from one another in meiosis
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Any questions??
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