1. THE ART OF GEOCODING By: Diana Tkacs Kaplan University

2.  What is Geocoding  History of Geocoding  Methods of Geocoding  Example of Geocoding  Conclusion  References

3.  Definition: the process of linking a physical address with its map coordinates so that it can be displayed on a map and recognized by other programs for future use (Boba, 2009)  5 step process  Preparing the geographic and police data files  Specifying geocoding preferences  Matching within the GIS  Reviewing results  Re-specifying parameters and geocoding again.

4.  U.S. Census Bureau (Harries, 1999)  1960: surveys were mailed to houses but returned by hand carriers  1970: surveys were mailed to houses and returned by mail ▪ This led to the development of an address coding guide aka. ACG  DIME, GBF, TIGER (Harries, 1999)

5.  Street Segment Matching  Parcel Matching  Coordinating Matching

6.  Los Angeles Police crime mapping has flawed geocoding.  Crime incidents were defaulted to same location creating a “false” crime pattern.

7.  Geocoding is extremely important for crime mapping because it is the most common way of linking crime data to a GIS image. Almost every crime that occurs has an address related to it, and geocoding allows analyst to link that address to a map (Harries, 1999).  A picture is worth a thousand words, and in the world of crime analysis a crime map might be worth just as much or maybe more!

8.  Boba, R. (2009). Crime analysis with crime mapping. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.  Code. (2010). Merriam-webster dictionary online. Retrieved November 8, 2010, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/code  Harries, K. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. (1999). Mapping crime: principle and practice. Washington, DC: Retrieved November 7, 2010, from http://www.ncjrs.gov/html/nij/mapping/ch4_3.html  Musil, S. (2009). Geocoding error distorts l.a. crime statistics. CNET News, Retrieved November 8, 2010, from http://news.cnet.com/8301- 1023_3-10212553-93.html