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The Use and Value of Scientific Journals Carol Tenopir ctenopir@utk.edu University of Tennessee
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Data From: 15,000 scientists All fields of science University and non-university settings Over 100 organizations (publishers and libraries)
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Audiences Scientists/Researchers Publishers Librarians Funders
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Myths Scholarly journals are not read There are too many journals Journals are only for authors Scientists know information before it appears in a journal Electronic journals will completely replace print
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Journal articles are the most important information resource for scientists
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Average Number of Scholarly Article Readings Per Year
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Time Spent Reading
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What Scientists Are Reading Approx. 50% of readings contain information that is new to the reader Over 35% of readings are of articles older than one year 84% of readings from electronic journals are of articles published in the last 8 months Older articles are very valuable to scientists’ work
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Facts Behind the Myths Growth of journal literature is correlated with the number of scientists 1 article per 10 scientists 70% of all readings are done by non- academicians
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Why these myths? 1Citation counts do not measure all readings 2The data from some studies done in the 1960s and 1970s was misinterpreted
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Estimated Number of Readings
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Amount of Journal Readings Scientists read from an average of 18 journals each year Half are read less than five times Only one in 18 have over 25 readings
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Average Number of Personal Subscriptions to Scholarly Journals
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Proportion of Readings of Scholarly Scientific Articles
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Number of Separate Copies of Articles Received by Scientists 19771993-1998 ILL/Document Delivery 4 million>40 million Other39 million>60 million 43 million>100 million
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OhioLINK: Titles Downloaded v. Print Titles Held Source: Snapshot 1998: OhioLINK
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WWW Impact: PubMed A month worth of searches in PubMed equaled a year of MEDLINE searches (about 7.6 million) Today, the number of PubMed searches ranges from 500,000 to over one million per day
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WWW Impact: arXiv.org Connections to LANL’s arXiv.org reached 180,000 per day in February 2001 Submissions to arXiv.org peaked at 2,800 per month in late 2000
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Andrew Odlyzko’s 1995 article “Tragic Loss or Good Riddance?” still gets an average of 175 downloads per month.
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Electronic Journals Electronic journal use depends on the field of science Studies show that about 50-90% of faculty use electronic journals sometimes 1/3 of total readings are from electronic journals
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Awareness of Preprint Services ORNL Scientists 33% of scientists are aware of preprint services 10% of those aware of preprint services submit papers to them
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ORNL 2000 Use of print indexes for locating articles dropped to zero Proportion of readings located through online bibliographic searches increased to 13.3% Over one half of readings were found by browsing: – electronic subscriptions provided by ORNL libraries, – free author web sites, or – personal electronic subscriptions People are an important source for identifying articles
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Impacts of Electronic Publishing Electronic journals use is increasing Students prefer electronic Differences between work fields re: e-prints Peer review important to many Much e-reading in new titles Non-core readers price sensitive
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Usefulness & Value of Scholarly Articles Information serves many purposes Highly important to these purposes Readers are willing to pay a high price for the information in their time but not in actual $$ The information results in improved performance
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