1. Gaia An Infrastructure for Active Spaces Prof. Klara Nahrstedt Prof. David Kriegman Prof. Dennis Mickunas http://choices.cs.uiuc.edu/gaiahttp://cairo.cs.uiuc.edu Prof. Roy H. Campbell Prof. Michael Garland Prof. Robin Kravets Computer Science Department University of Illinois Funding and contact information can be found at:

2. Motivation n People-Centric – –mobile users in pervasive computing environment –many resources, devices per user n Ubiquitous computing model for applications. n Resource management and infrastructure for pervasive computing. n Context sensitive adaptation of applications, services, and resources.

3. Gaia Information Spaces n Active Space: an abstraction of a physical or virtual space. n Physical spaces defined by computing devices located in attire, rooms, buildings, cities. n Virtual spaces represent mobile user and group activities or sessions. n Gaia: a software infrastructure that implements Active Spaces on devices in a physical space.

4. Research Important issues: –Context –Mobility –Virtual spaces –Generic applications Research scope: –Ubiquitous Computing –Distributed Systems –Operating Systems –Middleware –Quality of Service –Multimedia –Security

5. Middleware Gaia Architecture Gaia Kernel Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications Component Management Core

6. Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

7. Component Management Core n Provides functionality to manipulate components in Gaia: –Creation –Destruction –Uploading n Contains three basic abstractions: –Components –Component Containers –Nodes

8. Component Management Core Gaia Components Gaia Component Container Gaia Node Examples Gaia Node Active Space Gaia Component Container Gaia Node

9. Kernel Services

10. Gaia Kernel Services n Event Manager n Context Service n Context File System n Component Repository n Presence Service n Space Repository

11. Event Manager Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

12. Event Manager n Loosely coupled communication based on channels. n Supports push, pull, and hybrid mechanisms. n Supports creation of named event channels and distribution of load.

13. Event Manager Event Channel Factory 1... Event Channel Factory n CreateChannelType DeleteChannelType CreateEventChannel GetEventChannel DeleteEventChannel ListChannelTypes ListEventChannels Consumers Suppliers Event Channels

14. Context Service Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

15. Context-Aware Applications n Situational information, or context, increases richness of communication in human-computer interaction. n Makes it possible to produce more useful computational services. n Example contexts: location, time, weather, stock prices, moods, user activity, …

16. Context Service n Provides a taxonomy and uniform representation of context types. n Provides an infrastructure to promote design, implementation, and evolution of context-aware applications.

17. Context File System Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

18. Context File System n Data Organization: –Context affects data organization. –Data important in current context is easily accessible. –Can attach context to files and directories. –Context: situation, location, space, group, time. n Data Transformation: –Applications open data as desired type – dynamically typed file system. –System converts data to desired type.

19. Data Organization space = office location = RM2401 time = 11/28/01

20. Data Transformation MPEG Container MPEG Pixel2Bitmap Converter Text2Audio Converter GIF2Pixel Converter Pixel2Bitmap Converter BitmapContainer AudioContainer Mail Container PowerPoint Container MailPowerPoint BitmapContainer MP3 Container MP3 PCM2GSM Converter GSMContainer

21. Component Repository Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

22. Component Repository n Provides persistent storage of components. n Allows addition, removal, and browsing of components. n Used by Component Management Core to dynamically retrieve components.

23. Presence Service Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

24. Presence Service n Detects the presence of digital and physical entities. n Generates events based on entity presence: –ENTER –LEAVE n Defines a group of event channels to disseminate presence information. n Maintains soft-state of all digital entities through a leasing mechanism.

25. Presence Service Digital Entity Presence Physical Entity Presence Person Tracker Applicatio n Servic e Device Person Event Manager Channels Device Presence Channel Person Presence Channel Service Presence Channel Application Presence Channel Enter Leave Events

26. Space Repository Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

27. Space Repository n Centralized repository containing information about active entities. n Interacts with Presence Service to keep information up to date. n All entities described by a set of properties (e.g., entity type, name, location, owner). n Exports a query interface based on properties.

28. Space Repository Detection Mechanism Database Presence Channels Component Query Interface Component

29. Gaia QoS Services

30. n Represents an overlay distributed system running on top of Gaia kernel. n Provides resource management for QoS- sensitive applications. n Dynamically adapts applications based on QoS constraints and determines appropriate nodes for service instantiation. n Translates high-level application QoS requirements into system requirements.

31. Gaia QoS Services n Resource Management Service n Configuration Management Service n QoS Translation Service n QoS Instantiation Service n QoS Adaptation Service

32. Resource Management Service Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

33. Resource Management Service n Delivers soft real-time guarantees to multimedia applications in general-purpose, dynamic hardware environment. n Monitors the current availability of system resources in the distributed machines in an Active Space. n Allows the Active Space administrator to monitor the space’s resource availability via user-friendly GUIs. n Provides APIs which can be used to query the current resource availability.

34. Resource Management Service Power Management DSRT CPU Scheduler Memory Management Network Management QualMan HardwareResources Hardware Resources Multimedia Applications Multimedia Applications reserveschedulenotifyadapt OS monitoradapt

35. Configuration Management Service Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

36. Configuration Management Service n n Selects the most suitable application-specific configuration to be instantiated in an active space, based on – –compiled information – –location discovery – –resource availability n n Finds the best host to instantiate a service component, based on different discovery algorithms. n n Finds the possible instances of required service components in the configuration.

37. Configuration Management Service Configuration Repository Application-specific QoS-aware Configuration Selection Service Resource Monitoring Service Service Discovery Service Executor application request & QoS level /most suitable configuration application request & QoS level /all possible configurations

38. QoS Translation Service Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

39. QoS Translation Service n n Associates QoS-aware application graph with high-level application QoS requirements. n n Translates association into system resource requirements.

40. QoS Translation Service Space Repository Application/ middleware association System resource requirement translation Available QoS-oriented Middleware services Gaia node

41. QoS Instantiation Service Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

42. QoS Instantiation Service n Instantiates an application-specific configuration into the Active Space.

43. QoS Instantiation Service QoS-aware Configuration Instantiation Service Executor application-specific configuration/ success or failure Application component container Middleware component container Gaia Node 1Gaia Node 2Gaia Node 3 DSRT Network management Network management Component repository optional dynamic downloading create component(s)

44. QoS Adaptation Service Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

45. QoS Adaptation Service n Controls and manages the QoS adaptations within the same configuration. n Controls and manages the available configurations of an application in the Active Space.

46. QoS Adaptation Service Resource Monitoring Service DSRT QoS Adaptation Service Presence Service Application-specific adaptation policy If CPU over runs then drop frame rate; If machine shuts down then switch machine; If machine client moves then switch configuration; … Configuration Repository register events Resource-specific monitoring services QoS_degrade() QoS_upgrade() Switch()

47. Application Framework Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

48. Application Framework n Active Spaces render traditional applications obsolete. n Applications for Active Spaces are: –Distributed –Adaptable –Mobile –Multi-Machine User Interface

49. Traditional Application Mapping Display Controller Application Logic

50. Active Space Application Mapping Controllers Displays Application Logic

51. Model – Presentation – Controller – Coordinator Application Framework Coordinator Application Functional Level Application Meta-Level MPCC Application Model Slide Show Data ControllersPresentations

52. n Model – encapsulates the application logic. n Presentation – presents the data of the model (audio, video, changes in the physical environment). n Controller – modifies the state of the model. n Coordinator – manages the application (application meta-level). n Coordinator – manages the application architecture (application meta-level). MPCC Application Framework

53. Applications Gaia Kernel Middleware Component Management Core Event Manager Context Service Context File System Component Repository Presence Service Space Repository Resource Management Service Application Framework Configuration Management Service QoS Instantiation Service QoS Translation Service QoS Adaptation Service Applications

54. Applications n Mobile Video n Context Data Browser n Presentation Viewer

55. Mobile Video Media Server Component Database Location ALocation B Move! User Profile Server Media Gateway

56. Context Data Browser File Mode Context Mode

57. Presentation Viewer

58. Thank You! http://choices.cs.uiuc.edu/gaia http://cairo.cs.uiuc.edu