2. Biography Born in New York, in 1915 Educated at Duke University Received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1947 Became a professor of psychology Cofounder and director of the Center for Cognitive Studies Man: A Course of Study (MACOS) is a landmark in curriculum development Left Harvard in 1972 and taught at Oxford and returned to Harvard seven years later. Joined School for Social Research in New York City in 1981

3. Contributions The concept of readiness to learn. He challenged the knowledge of cognitive development. He helped in Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. Introduced three forms of representation: Action, Icon, Symbols Today these forms are known as: Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic Wrote Process of Education Worked on a new curriculum for Social Studies Believed strongly that there wasn’t a timer on how children learn, it was instead based on how they responded to their environment.