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2. Chapter 26 Inserting Endnotes, Footnotes, and References

3. 3 Sourcing Information In a research paper or report, include references to identify the sources of information used. Footnotes identify sources used on each page, while endnotes create a single list of all the sources used at the end of the document. A citation acknowledges borrowed information, and a bibliography provides a list of all the citations used in the document.

4. 4 Creating Footnotes and Endnotes You can use either footnotes or endnotes to credit sources for information. Position the insertion point at the location where you need to insert the reference number, and then click the Insert Footnote or Insert Endnote button in the Footnotes group of the references tab. Type the footnote or endnote bibliographic information.

5. 5 Printing Footnotes and Endnotes When you print a document, Word automatically adjusts page formatting to accommodate the footnotes. Footnotes are moved to the next page, if needed. Word includes a 2-inch separator line to set off the footnotes at the bottom of the page or the endnotes at the end of the document.

6. 6 Viewing Footnotes and Endnotes To move to the next footnote or endnote reference number, click the Next Footnote button in the Footnotes group of the References tab. Click the Next Footnote button and click Previous Footnote to move to the previous reference number. To view the bibliographic text associated with the selected reference number, click the Show Notes button in the Footnotes group of the References tab.

7. 7 Editing and Deleting Footnotes You can select a footnote or endnote reference number and move it to another location. Copying a reference number also copies the bibliographic information. Deleting a reference number deletes the footnote or endnote, including bibliographic information. Word renumbers all references numbers automatically based on your changes. Use the Show Notes button to display bibliographic information for editing.

8. 8 Creating Citations Word provides three editorial styles for citing references: –American Psychological Association (APA). –Modern Language Association (MLA). –Chicago Manual of Style (CMS).

9. 9 Inserting Sources and Citations Position the insertion point at the location where you want to insert the citation. Click the Insert Citation button in the Citations and Bibliography group of the References tab, and then click Add New Source. Enter information about the source in the Create Source dialog box, and then click OK.

10. 10 Inserting Sources and Citations

11. 11 Citing an Existing Source Word saves information about any source you have already cited. To insert a new citation from an existing source, position the insertion point in the desired location. Click the Insert Citation button in the Citations & Bibliography group of the References tab, and then click the source name.

12. 12 Checkpoint What is the difference between a footnote or endnote? How do you insert a footnote or endnote? What happens when you move the reference number for a footnote or endnote? What is a citation? How do you reuse a source for another citation?

13. 13 Modifying a Source You can make changes to the information already saved about the source. Click the Manage Sources button in the Citations & Bibliography group of the References tab to open the Source Manager. Click the source to change in the Master list, and click Edit. Make the desired changes and close the Edit Source dialog box.

14. 14 Inserting Citation Page Numbers For a direct quote, including quotation marks around the quoted text and page numbers in the citation. Click the citation to select the citation placeholder. Click the Citation Options arrow and then click Edit Citation. Enter page numbers in the Edit Citation dialog box as needed, and click OK.

15. 15 Inserting a Bibliography After you have marked all citations in a document, you must compile a separate bibliography listing the sources in alphabetical order at the end of the document. Move the insertion point to the end of the document and insert a page break. Click the Bibliography button in the Citations & Bibliography group of the References tab, and then click the desired bibliography style in the drop-down list.

16. 16 Updating a Bibliography When you add a new source, Word does not update the bibliography automatically. To update the bibliography after adding a source, click in the bibliography and click its Update Citations and Bibliography tab.

17. 17 Formatting a Bibliography Make sure that your bibliography follows the formatting guidelines of the APA, MLA, or Chicago Style. This means you may need to make changes in the bibliography, such as double-spacing it.

18. 18 Choosing a Citation Style Always use the citation style required by your instructor. To change the citation style used in a document, click the Style button down arrow in the Citations & Bibliography group of the References tab, and click the desired style.

19. 19 Checkpoint How do you change source information? When do you need to include page numbers for a citation? What is a bibliography? How do you insert a bibliography? Why do you need to update a bibliography manually? Why might you need to change citation style?

20. 20 Wrap Up Footnotes and endnotes provide credit to a source for information included in the document. When you insert a footnote or endnote, Word automatically numbers it and prompts you to enter bibliographic information. Footnotes and endnotes print automatically. Select the footnote or endnote reference number to work with the note. When you move, copy, or delete footnotes or endnotes, Word automatically renumbers all notes. Citations identify the sources for quotes, ideas, and borrowed material used in a document. When you insert a citation, Word saves the source information so you can use it again if needed. Citations for direct quotes should include page numbers. Insert a bibliography at the end of the document to create an alphabetical list of all cited sources. Make sure that the bibliography formatting matches the required style and that citations use the style required by your instructor.