1. Anatomy & Physiology Abnormal Conditions & Diseases of the Urinary System

2. Abnormal Conditions Cystitis – Inflammation of the bladder – Caused by bacteria – S&S: frequent / painful / burning urination, “full” feeling – Tx: antibiotics; increase fluid intake

3. Urethritis – Inflammation of the urethra (UTI) – Caused by bacteria, virus, chemical – S&S: frequent / painful urination – Tx: antibiotic (bacteria), increase fluid intake

4. Renal Calculus – Formed when salts settle in urine – May pass during urination – S&S: intense pain, retention – Tx: increase fluid, pain med – Small stones = strain urine – Large stones = Lithotripsy (shock waves to crush stone)

5. Nephritis – Inflammation of the nephrons – Caused by strep – S&S – chills, fever, back pain – Tx – antibiotics, pain med

6. Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection) – Caused by bacteria – S&S: chills, fever, back pain, dysuria, pyuria – Tx: antibiotics, increase fluid intake

7. Uremia – Toxic condition (kidneys fail) – Build up of waste product in the blood – Caused by renal failure – S&S: N/V, ammonia breath odor, anuria, mental confusion, coma

8. Renal Failure Acute Renal Failure (ARF) – Caused by hemorrhage, shock, poisoning – S&S: anuria, ammonia breath odor – Tx: Eliminate cause Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) – Progressive failure – Toxic waste builds up in blood – Tx: hemodialysis, transplant