1. Introduction to Probability and Statistics 11 th Edition Robert J. Beaver Barbara M. Beaver William Mendenhall I thank Thomson Learning Inc for granting permission to reproduce any of the contents and ancillaries of Introduction to Probability and Statistics (11th ed). I also thank Rebecca Cleaver and Rae Ann Haley for assistance with formatting and animation. This presentation may not be reproduced in any way without written permission. ©2004 Lorne Nelson

2. What is Statistics? Statistics: concerns itself with the collection, organization and analysis of data is a tool used by researchers in all quantitative fields is used to draw general conclusions in a wide variety of applications

3. Populations and Samples POPULATION: The set of all measurements of interest to the experimenter. Ex: All professors at BU SAMPLE: A subset of measurements selected from the population of interest. Ex: The science professors at BU

4. “Sample” and “Population” Distinguish between set of objects on which we take measurements and the measurements themselves. Experimental Units: The items or objects on which measurements are taken (e.g., professors). Sample (or Population): the set of measurements taken on the experimental units.

5. Parameter a numerical measurement on an experimental unit describing some characteristic of a population (e.g., mean) Population Parameter

6. Statistic a numerical measurement describing some characteristic of a sample (e.g., mean) Sample Statistic

7. Descriptive Statistics Sometimes (but rarely) we can enumerate the whole population If so, we need only use: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: Procedures used to summarize and describe the set of measurements.

8. Inferential Statistics When we cannot enumerate the whole population, we use: INFERENTIAL STATISTICS: Procedures used to draw conclusions or inferences about the population from information contained in the sample. STATISTIC  PARAMETER