1. Test Review

2. Open Vs. Closed Circulatory System

3.  Open Circulatory system  does not have a closed network of vessels  Mixes blood and body fluid  Closed Circulatory system  Has a closed network of vessels  More efficient

4. What are the 4 main components of blood?

5.  Red Blood Cells – carry oxygen to the body tissues  White Blood Cells – use phagocytosis to fight infections and disease  Platelets – initiate blood clots  Plasma – liquid inside the blood vessels, transports the cells and nutrients/waste

6. What are the 5 steps of phagocytosis?

7.  Engulfment by endocytosis  Formation of the phagosome  Phagosome/lysosome merger = phagolysosome  Killing and digestion  Exocytosis  Exception?

8. Platelets  Initiate blood clots  Adhesion  Activation  Aggregation  Good & Bad blood clots  Aspirin?

9. What are the 3 main types of blood vessels?

10.  Arteries  Carry blood Away from the heart  Veins  Carry blood to the Heart  Capillaries  Site of exchange between the blood vessels and body tissues

11. Capillaries  Very small blood vessels  Blushing?  Easily broken  Bruising

12. What is the difference between a human heart and a frog heart?

13.  Frog Hearts have 3 chambers while human hearts have 4  What does this mean for the blood?  Which is more efficient?

16. Systemic and Pulmonary circuit

17.  Systemic circuit leads to the body  Aorta  Superior and Inferior Vena Cava  Pulmonary circuit leads to the lungs  Pulmonary Arteries  Pulmonary Veins

20. How does the heart pump blood?

21.  Diastole  Heart “at rest” while the atria fill with blood  Atria contract and push the blood into the ventricles  Systole  Ventricles contract and push the blood into the blood vessels to be transported to the lungs and body

22. How does the circulatory system help the body maintain homeostasis?

23.  Preventing blood loss  Regulating internal temperature

24. Bruising  Small capillaries are broken and begin bleeding  Platelets initiate clotting  The colours we see are the different types of cells involved in clotting