1. Nonverbal Communication Better at communicating feelings and attitudes More convincing than verbal messages. We can communicate without saying anything!

2. Kinesics Body Movement Adapter: tension reliever like fixing hair, touching nose Emblems: gestures that mean something. Pointing

3. Facial Expression What are the six universal facial expressions? Anger Happiness Surprise Sadness Disgust Fear

4. Who is better at reading someone’s facial expression? Men or women?

5. Which gender shows more facial expressiveness? Women are much more expressive than men. Men often show a poker face so its hard to read what they’re thinking and where you stand. Women keep re-explaining their point and see no reaction, so they overdo it to make their case.

6. Expressiveness MRI scans show when you’re smiled at, your brain lights up like you have received a reward. When you smile, your body produces endorphins which make you feel good. If you smile too much, others might not take you seriously.

7. What is masking? Hiding an expression of emotion and replacing it with a more appropriate expression.

8. Vocalics Tone of voice Often carries more meaning than the actual words.

9. Proxemics Space and Distance Cultural Emotion or mood How well we know someone

10. Intimate zone: 0-18 inches Personal zone: 18 inches to 4 feet Social zone: 4 – 12 feet Public zone: over 12 feet

11. Territory and Environment Use of space and objects to indicate ownership Invasion: intruding into someone’s territory. Contamination: tagging, graffiti, leaving trash.

12. Appearance What is soma typing? Classifying people according to body type What is Halo Effect? Physical Attractiveness Stereotype Beautiful = Good

13. Haptics Professional Touch: Doctor touches patient. Social/Polite touch: Fist bump, hand shake Friendship: kiss, bro hug Love/Intimacy: highly personal

14. What are artifacts? Artifacts include any way we modify our person: clothing choices, hair styles, tattoos, piercings, etc.

18. Nonverbal Indicators of Power Touch Physical size Eye contact Proxemics Environment

19. Bumping up your personal power Stand up straight Eye contact No adapters Confident Inflection in your voice (no monotone) Don’t let yourself be interrupted Don’t hesitate or end your sentences with questions.

21. Low Context Language Meaning is in the words spoken Straight talk; direct and to the point Associated with Individualistic cultures

22. High Context Language Meaning is found in nonverbal messages, the mood or social harmony of the conversation. Speaker “beats around the bush” Listener must read between the lines Associated with Collectivist Cultures

23. Triangle of Meaning Thought (meaning) Symbol Referent (stands for) ASL for Water Water

24. Triangle of Meaning Referent Thought (meaning) Cat Symbol

25. Denotation: The dictionary definition of a word. Connotation: Emotional meaning based on personal experience and feelings.

26. Triangle of Meaning Thought (meaning) Teacher SymbolReferent

27. Bypassing: Two people have different referents for the same word but they think they are thinking alike.

28. Words and symbols are arbitrary, ambiguous, and abstract. Arbitrary: for no reason, random Ambiguous: Confusing Abstract: Difficult to understand, not concrete

29. Meaning is in the person, not the word!

30. Social Constructionism: Humans make sense of their world. They make meaning and create their world.

31. Language shapes our relationships.

32. Language allows humans to think hypothetically. We can imagine, reflect and plan for the future.

33. Language allows us to name things.