1. Linkage, Mapping, and a few odds and ends Bonus #2 due 11/25 Exam #3 T 12/2 in class (bring cheat sheet) Final Sat. 12/6 from 9am – 12noon in BIO 301

2. Homologous pair of chromosomes Linkage can be used to determine distance

3. Some crosses do not give the expected results

4. By comparing recombination frequencies, a linkage map can be constructed = 17 m.u.

5. A much greater proportion of the two types found in the parental generation Fig 5.2

6. The probability of crossing over can be used to determine the spatial relationship of different genes

7. Double recombinants arise from two crossovers Recombinant

8. Double recombinants can show gene order

9. similar to Fig 5.3, also see Fig 5.9, and pg 115-117 What is the relationship between these 3 genes? What order and how far apart?

10. similar to Fig 5.3 What is the relationship between these 3 genes? What order and how far apart?

11. Double crossover

12. Which order produces the double crossover?

14. We have the order. What is the distance?

15. Recombinants between st and ss: (50+52+5+3)/755 =14.6%

16. Recombinants between ss and e: (43+41+5+3)/755 =12.2%

17. stsse 14.6 m.u. 26.8 m.u. 12.2 m.u. Put it all together…

18. Drosophila linkage map

19. Linkage map of Drosophila chromosome 2

20. Yeast chromosome 3 physical distance linkage map Recombination is not completely random.

21. Alignment of physical and recombination maps

22. PhenotypeGenotype Genes code for proteins (or RNA). These gene products give rise to traits… It is rarely this simple.

23. For life to exist, the information (genes) must be passed on. {Mitosis: producing more cells} {Meiosis: producing gametes}

24. 105 males : 100 females (live births) Why?

25. 105 males : 100 females (live births) Why?

27. Is this all of your DNA?

28. Mitochondria have their own DNA. Fig 7.13

29. Endosymbiotic Theory - proposed origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from free-living bacteria to cellular organelles Fig 7.20

30. Human Life Cycle Combination of two individuals DNA

31. mitochondria Only the egg provides mitochondria to the offspring.

32. Human Life Cycle In females Mom provides 50.000275% and Dad provides 49.999825% of DNA to offspring. … because Mom provides 100% of mitochondrial DNA

33. Mitochondrial DNA comparisons can be used to trace ancestry:

34. Tsar’s Family During the Bolshevik revolution, the Tsar’s family was captured and executed.

35. Tsar’s Family There are many stories about what happened to their youngest daughter Anastasia

37. Anna Anderson, claimed she was Anastasia

38. Anna Anderson claimed she was Anastasia, but tests of her mtDNA and one of Anastasia’s maternal relatives did not match.

39. For more info check out: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Nikolaevna_of_Russia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Nikolaevna_of_Russia Or the book “Seven Daughters of Eve” by Bryan Sykes

40. How do individuals and groups with different genes arise? Evolution… Does it occur? How does it occur?

41. Linkage, Mapping, and a few odds and ends Bonus #2 due 11/25 Exam #3 T 12/2 in class (bring cheat sheet) Final Sat. 12/6 from 9am – 12noon in BIO 301