1. TES and Surface Measurements for Air Quality Brad Pierce 1, Jay Al-Saadi 2, Jim Szykman 3, Todd Schaack 4, Kevin Bowman 5, P.K. Bhartia 6, Anne Thompson 7 1.NOAA NESDIS 2.NASA Langley Research Center 3.US Environmental Protection Agency 4.University of Wisconsin/SSEC 5.NASA JPL 6.NASA GSFC 7.Penn State University Presented by Jay Al-Saadi

2. CONUS comparison: Left, OMI assimilation only; Right, OMI with TES RAQMS Trop O 3 Column vs OMI: Impact of TES O3 Assimilation Over CONUS, adding TES assimilation changes mean column bias from +3.6 to -1.3 DU with little change in correlation (0.90 vs 0.87)

3. Comparison of RAQMS NRT OMI analysis with IONS ozonesondes (373 sondes, August, 2006) PI: ANNE M. THOMPSON Penn State RAQMS NRT OMI Tropospheric Ozone Column (August 01-31, 2006) Large high bias (50-100%) in upper troposphere/lower stratosphere

4. Note: Change in Scale! Comparison of RAQMS OMI+TES reanalysis with IONS ozonesondes (373 sondes, August, 2006) PI: ANNE M. THOMPSON Penn State RAQMS OMI+TES Tropospheric Ozone Column (August 01-31, 2006) Significant reduction in upper troposphere/ lower stratosphere biases; Small changes in lower trop biases

5. RAQMS August, 2006 Mean OMI O3 and TES O3 Analysis Increments (total column) (Note scale change!) Assimilation of OMI total column O3 measurements results in small (1-1.5%) mean increases in total column O3 over CONUS. Assimilation of TES O3 profiles results in moderate (+/- 10%) adjustments in total O3 column over CONUS. In some locations, anti-correlation between OMI and TES increments (e.g., Southwest). OMI Increment TES Increment

6. RAQMS August, 2006 Mean TES O3 Analysis Increments (troposphere and PBL column) TES PBL IncrementTES Tropospheric Increment Assimilation of TES O3 profiles results in moderate (+/- 10%) adjustments in tropospheric O3 column over CONUS. Assimilation of TES O3 profiles results in larger adjustments in PBL O3 column. Largest positive adjustments (+20%) occur within the Southern CA, coastal Gulf, and Great Lakes regions. Largest negative adjustments (-15%) occur within the central Rockies and Ohio River Valley.

7. RAQMS vs EPA AIRNow July 15-Oct 15, 2006 RAQMS diurnally averaged surface O3 analyses are reasonably correlated (>0.7) with EPA AIRNow observations over the eastern US but show 18Z median biases of up to 30ppbv over the eastern US

8. RAQMS Trop O 3 vs OMI (cloud-cleared)RAQMS O 3 vs NOAA P3 RAQMS mean trop O3 column is low by a factor of up to 20% relative to OMI-RAQMS strat over TX RAQMS median O3 profile is high by 20ppbv relative to P3 measurements

9. Ensemble 18Z Back trajectories are initialized daily at locations of Houston and Dallas, TX EPA AIRNow surface ozone monitoring stations. Trajectories sample forecasted chemical fields to understand transformation during transport. Lagrangian averaged ensemble O3 Production-Loss (P-L) is used to classify back trajectories Back trajectory Chemistry 2006090418 NOy Emissions O3 P-L TEXAQS 2006 Ensemble Lagrangian Trajectory Analysis SFC (red) and 850 (blue) 5-day Houston back trajectories 2006090418

10. RAQMS global back-trajectory analysis of regional (or “background”) influences on Houston 18Z Ozone July 15-October 15, 2006 Red=Observed AIRNow MSA mean & variability Solid=RAQMS AIRNow MSA mean (bias corrected) Dash=RAQMS background mean (bias corrected) [immediately prior to entering Houston MSA] Houston experienced enhanced regional O3 production 16% of days during the study Enhanced regional O3 production events preceded 3 out of 6 periods with elevated O3 Classification based on ensemble mean 5-day Lagrangian averaged O3 net production Enhanced O3 production (P-L > 10 ppbv/day) Moderate O3 production (0 < P-L < 10 ppbv/day) Net O3 destruction (O3 P-L < 0 ppbv/day)

11. Source Apportionment for O3 net production > 10 ppbv/day Enhanced background O3 production is associated with NOx sources from the central Midwest/Ohio River Valley with significant O3 P-L (more than 30ppbv/day) on average over the study period. O3 P-L (ppbv/day) NOy emissions (ppbv/day) Apportioned O3Apportioned NOx Emissions Binning the NOy sources and O3 mixing ratios along the trajectories results in source apportionment maps for each class

12. Extra Slides

13. RAQMS O 3 vs NOAA P3 insitu: Impact of TES O3 Assimilation In TexAQS domain, adding TES assimilation reduces high bias and variance in upper troposphere but increases bias near the surface. Overall, better agreement with observed profile shape but high biased. TexAQS comparison: Left, OMI assimilation only; Right, OMI with TES

14. Assimilation of TES CO profiles results in moderate (+/- 5%) adjustments in tropospheric CO column (left) over CONUS. Largest (+10%) positive PBL column adjustments (right) occur over central Texas. RAQMS August, 2006 Mean TES CO Analysis Increments (troposphere and PBL column) TES PBL IncrementTES Tropospheric Increment

15. RAQMS vs EPA AIRNow July 15-Oct 15, 2006 RAQMS diurnally averaged surface O3 analyses are reasonably correlated (>0.7) with EPA AIRNow observations over the eastern US but show 18Z median biases of up to 30ppbv over the eastern US

16. TES is an Infared Fourier transform spectrometer specifically designed to measure tropospheric ozone and its precursors TES Nadir View Limb View Estimates vertical profiles from the surface to.01 mb of temperature, H 2 O,ozone, carbon monoxide, HNO 3 as well as emissivity, surface temperature, and effective cloud parameters 0.5 x 5 km (nadir) spatial resolution

17. Here are the constraints on the TES assimilation. TES Global Survey Nadir Observations TES O3 1. only assimilate between 60s - 60n 2. only assimilate 10mb and below 3. only assimilate if first guess or observation do not exceed 1e-6 4. using TES O3 quality control flag TES CO 1. only assimilate between 60s-60n 2. only assimilate below the tropopause 3. using TES CO quality control flag.