1. Definition:Regenerated fibres are made from wood pulp (cellulose). They are partly natural and partly synthetic as a chemical is needed to extract the fibres. They way the fibres are produced differs from fibre to fibre. It can be done through wet spinning and dry spinning or even melt spinning. All cellulose fibres are either wet or dry spun or a combination of both.

2. 1.Cellulose sheets are placed in a bath of caustic soda. 2.Both are shredded 3.They are thoroughly mixed up 4.More caustic soda is added which makes the viscose solution. 5.Solution is stored until needed.

3. Wet spinning 1.The fibre solution is pressed through the spinneret 2.It enters the acid bath which causes the fibres to set. 3.Filaments are passing through a set of heated rollers that will further set the fibre. 4.They are wound onto godet wheels ready for spinning. Pollution Viscose currently is becoming less common because of the polluting effects of carbon disulfide and other by-products of the process, forcing some factories to close.

4. Uses: Jersey, suits, dress fabric and lining. 1.Viscose drapes and swings beautifully and the material is softer than cotton and more springy than silk. 2. It is comfortable to wear and is great for dyeing. Viscose is a lovely fabric for floaty summer skirts, figure-hugging dresses, and underwear you want someone to notice. Properties

5. Viscose is a solution made from woodchipsFalse. It is a solution made from cellulose sheets dipped into caustic soda. Which spinning process is used to produce Viscose? Wet spinning Which liquid is the spinneret placed into?Acid Viscose pollutes the environment due to the by products of the viscose process. Which chemical causes the problem? Carbon disulfide It drapes well, is soft & comfortable to wear Give an example of viscose fabric qualities Give an example of a property of the viscose fibre It’s a filament, its soft has more elasticity than silk and is lustrous.

6. 1.Lyocell is produced from wood pulp cellulose. It is marketed under the brand name Tencel. It is the modern Rayon! 2.It that it is soft, absorbent, very strong when wet or dry, and resistant to wrinkles; it can be machine- or hand-washed or dry- cleaned, it drapes well, and it can be dyed many colours, as well as simulating a variety of textures like suede, leather, or silk. 3.It is biodegradable.

7. Making process: 1.Dissolve the wood pulp in a chemical which creates a solution called “dope”. 2.The dope is then pushed through a spinneret to form the individual fibres. 3.It is washed and the chemicals are retrieved from the water, purified, and recycled. 4.Since there is little by product, this process is labelled as relatively eco- friendly. However, it uses a substantial amount of energy and the solvent is a by- product of petrol production. Dry/wet spinning coagulation bath

8. Uses: Staple fibres are used in apparel items such as denim, chino, underwear and other casual wear clothing, even in bath towels. Filament fibres are used in items that have a silkier appearance such as women’s clothing and men’s dress shirts and medical dressings. Tencel is also used for making baby diaper wipes. Fibres blends: 1.Look for Tencel® lyocell blended with Tactel® nylon in which the Tactel® is on the surface for durability and wind and water resistance, while the Tencel® has greater exposure on the backing surface for warmth, absorbency, and comfort.

9. Natural and Renewable 1.It is manufactured using wood pulp as a raw material. 2.Wood pulp is a renewable resource grown in closely managed wood pulp forests. Properties of cellulose acetate: 1.Good toughness 2.Deep gloss 3.High transparency 4.A feel that can be described as ‘natural comfortable, 5.Breathable and absorbent

10. Viscose is a solution made from woodchipsFalse. It is a solution made from cellulose sheets dipped into caustic soda. Which spinning process is used to produce Viscose? Wet spinning Which liquid is the spinneret placed into?Acid Viscose pollutes the environment due to the by products of the viscose process. Which chemical causes the problem? Carbon disulfide It drapes well, is soft & comfortable to wear Give an example of viscose fabric qualities Give an example of a property of the viscose fibre It’s a filament, its soft has more elasticity than silk and is lustrous.

11. 1.The production of cellulose acetate fibres is clean and meets all environmental regulations. Also, acetone is a biodegradable solvent. 2.Cellulose acetate has been shown to be biodegradable and can be composted or incinerated. 3.The acetone used in the manufacturing process is recovered (up to 95-98%). guidelines. Dry spinning

12. Uses: Ties, lingerie, and bathing suits, lining, dress fabric.

13. What are regenerated fibres made out off? What do you need to make the wood pulp into a fibre? Which two spinning methods are there to make a generated fibre? Which products are made from Acetate? Which products are made from Viscose? Which is the least environmentally friendly regenerated fibre? Which regenerated fibres have a poor crease recovery? Which R.F. have good crease recovery? Cellulose A chemical Dry/wet spinning Lining, dress fabric & ties Lining, dress fabric & jersey Viscose Viscose & Acetate Tencel & Lyocell