2. MALARIA By: Thien-Trang Ninh Chemistry 12B May 10, 2005 URL: http://malariaitsdangerou.tripod.com/

4. Leading Causes of Death in Children in Developing Countries, 2002 (source: World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2003) RankCause Numbers (000) % of all deaths 1Perinatal conditions2,37523.1 2Lower respiratory infections1,85618.1 3Diarrheal diseases1,56615.2 4Malaria1,09810.7 5Measles5515.4 6Congenital anomalies3863.8 7HIV/AIDS3703.6 8Pertussis (whooping cough)3012.9 9Tetanus1851.8 10Protein-energy malnutrition1381.3 Other causes1,43714.0 Total10,263100.0

5. In this presentation you will see What’s Malaria History How does Malaria spread Solution for preventing Malaria Lariam Drug

6. What is Malaria? Malaria is one of the most serious disease in the world that transmitted by mosquitoes.

7. Discovery of Malaria 1877-Alphonse Laveran was the first discover that an parasites that causes Malaria

8. Discovery…. 1897-Ronald Ross was the first to demonstrate that a mosquito could transmit a (bird) malaria parasite.

9. Malaria Life Cycle

10. Sign or Symptom Percent with Finding  Fever & Chills 96  Headache 79  Muscle Pain 60  Palpable Liver 33  Palpable Spleen 28  Nausea & Vomiting 23  Abdominal Cramps/Diarrhea 6 Symptoms and Diagnosis Method to Diagnosis:  Thick and Thin Blood- To determine whether you have Malaria.  Physical Examination  Stain Test (Giemsa stain)- to give to parasites distinctive appearance.

11. Don’t Get Bitten by Mosquitoes !! Traveler  Wear long pants and long sleeved clothing  Sleeping inside a mosquito bed nets  Avoid leaving light on at nights  Limit outdoor activity Prescription  Chloroquine  Mefloquine  Quinine

12. Anti-malarial drug Used in the treatment prevention of Malaria

13. Cont…. Active Ingredient  Mefloquine Group medicine  Quinolones

14. Mechanism of Action Destroying parasites after it is release from the liver into the blood. It kills the parasites and prevent them from multiplying further

15. Conclusion “ Scared” disease because it has killed at least 143 people in 3 months “Don’t hear the mosquitoes doesn’t mean you don’t use net. Number 4 th leading causes of Death in Children (2002

16. Future… Arginine  Amino Acid produced in body  Found nuts and rice  “Researchers believe that combining arginine with anti-malaria drugs may be a more effective way to treat malaria, because arginine is inexpensive, relatively safe and has already been proven to boost nitric oxide levels.”

17. Bibliography: “Lariam.” Netdoctor.co.uk. 1998-2005..http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/100001465.html “Drugs & Vitamins And Lariam. Express Scripts. 29 Jan. 2004.04 March.2005.http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,6178%7CLariam, 00.html “Malaria strikes everywhere but hits Africa the hardest.” UNICEF.http://www.unicef.org/health/index_malaria1.html “Malaria” World Health Organization. 2005. 05. April. 2005..> Judith, Oliver,Erica, Prudence, and Melanie. “First Global Report On Efforts To Roll Back Malaria Highlights Progress And Challenges.” 03 May. 2005. WHO/UNICEF.03 May.2005 “Endemic Malaria: An 'Indoor' Disease in Northern Europe. Historical Data Analyzed.” 25 April.2005. BioMed Central. 01 May.2005 Mercola, Joseph. “Amino Acid Could Help Treat Malaria.” 2005.