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Present Active Participles
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What is a Participle? A participle is a verbal adjective As a verb, a participle may take a direct or indirect object As an adjective, a participle modifies a noun and agrees in case, number, and gender We have already learned the perfect passive participle (regular verbs) and perfect active participle (deponent verbs)
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Present Active Participles English also has present participles, formed by adding “ing” to the end of a verb Ex.: play - playing, see – seeing Ex.: I saw the kids playing ball. Playing modifies kids and takes softball as its direct object. The same example in Latin: Vīdī līberōs lūdentēs pilā.
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Forming Present Participles 1. Drop the –re from the infinitive to find the present stem/base 2. Add –ns, -ntis to that base for nom.+gen. sing. 3. For 3 rd i.o., and 4 th, use an –iē Ex.: 1 st conj.: parāns, parantis, preparing 2 nd conj.: habēns, habentis, having 3 rd conj.: mittēns, mittentis, sending 3 rd i.o.: iaciēns, iacientis, throwing 4 th conj.: audiēns, audientis, hearing
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Your turn to form participles! valēre natāre dēsilīre repellere ignōrāre audēre cupiō, cupere discere valēns, valentis natāns, natantis dēsiliēns, dēsilientis repellēns, repellentis ignōrāns, ignōrantis audēns, audentis cupiēns, cupientis discēns, discentis
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Declining the Present Participle Ex.M/F N N Nom.amāns amantēsamantia Gen.amantis amantium Dat.amantī amantibus Acc.amantemamānsamantēsamantia Abl.amante amantibus
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In summary Present active participles, like all participles, are verbal adjectives You can recognize them by the “-ns” or “-ntis” marker They are translated with “-ing” They take third declension adjective endings
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