1. What is Matter?

2. ·Definition: matter – anything that has mass and volume.
>All matter takes up space.
–Matter can be described as being “tangible”…
–You can feel it and interact with it.
–Some things that are NOT matter:
«Sound, Light & Heat

3. The States of Matter

4. Solid
Definition: solid state – a state of matter in which a substance has a definite shape and volume.

5. Liquid
>Definition: liquid – a state of matter that has a definite volume, but no definite shape.
Remember that VOLUME tells how much space something takes up.

6. Gas
>Definition: gas – a state of matter in which the particles have no definite shape or volume.
The particles of a gas are not held together, and can separate.
–This is why a gas can expand or contract!

7. Changes of State

8. ·Matter has the ability to switch between states under certain circumstances.
>We call them “state changes”.
>State changes are physical changes!

9. There are 5 different changes that can take place in matter.
·State changes occur as matter gains or loses thermal (heat) energy.
>In other words, matter can change its state as its temperature changes.

10. How matter becomes a solid:
·Definition: freezing – a state change in which a liquid loses thermal energy to becomes a solid.
>Matter must always LOSE energy to become a solid.

11. >Definition: condensation – the s-change in which a gas loses thermalIf matter wants to become a liquid, it has 2 options:
>It can gain thermal energy if it is a solid.
>Or it can lose thermal energy if it’s a gas.
>Definition: melting – the state change in which a solid becomes a liquid by gaining thermal energy.
energy to become liquid.

12. Now its time to look at gases.
>Definition: evaporation – the s-change in which a liquid gains energy to become a gas.
>Evaporation causes your hands to dry after wetting them.
>It also causes clouds and weather to form!

13. If a solid wants to become a gas…
>Definition: sublimation – the s-change in which a solid gains thermal energy to become a gas without melting.
>Dry Ice is frozen carbon dioxide…it turns straight into a gas.

14. Physical vs. Chemical Changes
·Definition:Physical Change- Is when Matter is cut, broken, crushed, dissolved,or evaporated.
>Example: Melting a cube of sugar.
·Definition: Chemical Change-Happen on a much smaller scale between molecules not seen where the matter changes from one type of matter to another.
>Example: Burning a cube of sugar.

15. Exothermic vs. Endothermic Processes
·They can be physical changes to matter or chemical changes to matter.
·Definition: Exothermic- Energy in the form of heat is released from the matter to cause a change.
>Examples: Gas to a liquid to a solid
·Definition: Endothermic- Energy in the form of heat is absorbed by the matter to cause a change.
>Example: Solid to a liquid to a gas