1. Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy

2. 9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels  Can be aerobic or anaerobic  Cellular respiration vs fermentation  Energy released is used to do work and some is lost as heat  ATP is produced

3. Oxidation and Reduction  The relocation of electrons releases energy stored in organic molecules  Leo goes ger – lose electron/oxidation, gain electron/reduction(reduction in positive charge)  Oxidizing vs Reducing agent  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwU8xY5VnQk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwU8xY5VnQk

4. Oxidation of organic fuel  Glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced  Electrons lose potential energy along the way and energy is released  Enzymes in our cells allow glucose to be oxidized in a series of steps

5. Stepwise Energy Harvest via NAD+

6. Electron Transport Chain

7. The Stages of Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Citric Acid Cycle 3. Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis

8. Overview of cellular respiration

9. Substrate-level phosporylation

10. 9.2 Glycolysis

11. A Closer Look at Glycolysis

12. 9.3 Citric Acid Cycle  Much of the energy remains in the pyruvate molecules  If oxygen is present, pyruvate enters mitochondrion and oxidation is completed by enzymes of the CAC  But first we must convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

13. Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

14. A closer look at the citric acid cycle

15. The Pathway of Electron Transport

16. Electron Transport Animation  http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/007250 7470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__el ectron_transport_system_and_atp_synthesis_ _quiz_1_.html http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/007250 7470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__el ectron_transport_system_and_atp_synthesis_ _quiz_1_.html  http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/atpgra dient/movie-flash.htm http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/atpgra dient/movie-flash.htm

17. Fermentation  Glycolysis plus a mechanism to regenerate NAD+ from NADH  1. Alcoholic fermentation – pyruvate is converted to ethyl alcohol plus carbon dioxide  2. Lactic Acid fermentation – pyruvate is converted to lactic acid  Obligate vs facultative anaerobes

18. Lactic vs alcoholic fermentation

19. The Evolutionary Significance of Glycolysis  Glycolysis is the most widespread metabolic pathway among Earth’s organisms  The cytosolic location of glycolysis implies great antiquity  http://ed.ted.com/on/qUVJINlN http://ed.ted.com/on/qUVJINlN

20. Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle connect to many other metabolic pathways

21. Biosynthesis

22. Regulation of Cellular Respiration via feedback mechanisms