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Alemtuzumab BLA committee
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CD52 Expression Leukocytes B- lymphocytes T- lymphocytes Monocytes Macrophages Thymocytes Granulocytes (<5%)
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Expression on Other Cell Types Male reproductive tract Skin Tested on a range of tissues, absent on –Erythrocytes –Platelets –Hematopoietic stem cells
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Antibody History CAMPATH-1Mrat IgM CAMPATH-1Grat IgG2b CAMPATH-1Hhumanized IgG1
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CAMPATH-1H (Alemtuzumab) FOR THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CLL WHO HAVE BEEN TREATED WITH ALKYLATING AGENTS AND WHO HAVE FAILED FLUDARABINE
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History of Submission September 12, 1997: –Response rate is a surrogate endpoint –Commitment to a post-marketing randomized trial (CAMPATH-1H vs. Fludarabine); trial should be ongoing at time of accelerated approval March 25, 1999: –Conventional approval possible if the response rate is so compelling and indicative of benefit and the toxicities so low that no need for a confirmatory trial
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History of Submission December 23, 1999: Application filed June 23, 2000: Completed review letter issued; Request for more information, revision of study reports, update and audit of the efficacy and safety information August 18, 2000: Revised study reports and data tables including updated, audited safety and efficacy information submitted
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Pharmacokinetics Comment PK is heavily influenced by tumor burden. Increase in half-life as tumor burden diminishes. Blood levels continue to increase with repeated dosing as receptors are saturated. At the end of four weeks estimated half- life is ~ 100 hr. At twelve weeks estimated half-life is ~ 400 - 900 hours
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Clinical Trials Study 211 (Pivotal) Single arm study conducted by L & I Partners in 1998 at 22 centers in the US and Europe Enrollment: 93 patients previously treated with alkylators and refractory to fludaradine Last follow-up: July 26, 2000
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Supporting Trials Study 009: single arm study conducted by B- W in the US from 1993 -1995 at six centers in the US enrolling 24 patients; Last F/U for survival in March, 1997 Study 005: study population of thirty-two CLL patients selected from a 125 patient study conducted in Europe between 1993- 1995 by B-W with last F/U for survival in March, 1997
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Study Design
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Demographics
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Rai Staging System Stage 0: Lymphocytosis Stage I: Lymphocytosis, adenopathy Stage II: Lymphocytosis, adenopathy, and organomegaly Stage III: Lymphocytosis, adenopathy, organomegaly, and anemia Stage IV: Lymphocytosis, adenopathy, organomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia
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Rai Stage
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Eligibility
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Disposition
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Efficacy Information Studies 211, 009, and 005
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Responses, Response Rate
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Response Measures
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Responder Characteristics
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Other Efficacy Parameters
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Resolution in Symptoms in Responders
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Safety Data Study 211, 009, and 005
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Dose Delays: > Seven Days
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Reasons for Dose Delays > Seven Days
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Mortality
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Drug Related Causes of Death
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Discontinuations
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Serious Adverse Events
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211: Analysis of Heme / Infectious SAEs, Stage I / II
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211: Analysis of Hem and Infectious SAEs, Stage III / IV
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Opportunistic Infections
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Types of Serious OIs
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Infusional Toxicities:All Grades
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Infusional Toxicities: Gr. 3/4
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Premedications
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New Malignancies / Transformations Study 211: –Higher Grade Lymphoma: 4 –PLL: 1 –Plasma Cell Dyscrasia: 1 –Prostatic Cancer (Gleason 6): 1 Study 009: –Higher Grade Lymphoma: 2 Study 005: none
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Hematological Toxicity Autoimmune Phenomena –Study 211: 3 AIT (1fatal); 1 AIHA –Study 009: none –Study 005: none Pancytopenia –Study 211: 8 patients, 3 deaths –Study 009: 3 patients –Study 005: 1 patient
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211 Heme Toxicity: Hgb
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211 Heme Toxicity: Hemoglobin
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211Hem Toxicity : Neutrophils
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211 Heme Toxicity : Platelets
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Heme Toxicity: 211- Platelets
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211 Hem Toxicity: Two Month Follow-Up
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Blood Product Usage
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CD4+ Counts < 200/ l Baseline: 11/89 (12%) Thirty Days on Study:84/86 (98%) 2 Mo. Follow-up:23/55 (42%) 4 Mo. Follow-up:8/30 (27%)
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SUMMARY Data from three single arm studies: 149 patients Response Rate: 33% (22%, 29%) Complete Response Rate: 2% Median Duration Response: 6.9 (7.1, 10.8) mos. Improvement / resolution of symptomatology and hematological parameters in responders
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SUMMARY CAMPATH Related Mortality: 13 - 15% Discontinuations for Treatment Related AEs: 21 - 25% SAE Incidence: 66 -80% of population Drug related SAEs: 73- 88% of all SAEs Opportunistic Infections: 28 - 42% study; 50% serious in nature
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SUMMARY Hematological toxicity > 50% Pancytopenia / Aplasia: 8 pts. (3 fatal) Autoimmune toxicities: 5 pts. Delayed recovery of neutrophils: –38% at two months of follow-up: –25% at 4 months Increased / new transfusion requirement during therapy ~ 68%
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SUMMARY Prolonged CD4+ recovery: 27% < 200/ul at 4 months Infusion related toxicities –Need for premedication –Absolute requirement for gradual dose escalation on initial treatment / post dosing interruptions –Maximal safe dose: 30 mg TIW
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SUMMARY Potential for induction of a second malignancy? Potential for a decrease in survival due to infections /hematological toxicity?
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