1. Key Individuals Galen (actually, a man called Johannes Guinter) Andreas Vesalius William Harvey

2. Joannes Guinter & Galen Joannes Guinter was Professor of Medicine at Paris In 1531 he translated a lost work of Galen called ‘On Anatomical Procedures’. Galen

3. The Four Humours Blood Black Bile Yellow Bile Phlegm These four humours had to be balanced for you to be healthy These ideas were based on those of the Greek doctor Galen.

4. Vesalius and his education Born into a medical family. Father was Apothecary to the German Emperor. Studied at Louvain (1528-33) Then moved to Paris but left when war broke out.

5. Vesalius and his education Returned to Louvain. Stole a skeleton of a dead criminal in order to understand the human body better. This was because boiling up bodies to get skeletons was forbidden!

6. Vesalius and his education Fell out with a Professor at Louvain so went to Padua in 1537. He was appointed Professor (of Surgery) at Padua.

7. Fabric of the Human Body (1543) Comprehensive study of the human body from his time at Padua. The illustrations were made at a professional artist’s studio and done by a great painter. Although it was ground breaking, it did not change the development of anatomy overnight – some still favoured the work of Galen.

8. Fabric of the Human Body (1543) It was so influential because: –It corrected some errors made by Galen. –It offered ideas as to how anatomy could progress e.g. public dissections. –It made a complete breakdown of the human body – layer by layer. –The illustrations were integrated into the book so that they were linked directly to the writings.

9. Fabric of the Human Body (1543) It was so influential because: –Vesalius himself made sure that the prints of his book were to a high standard. –Linked to this was the advent of the printing press – unlike in medieval times, now there would be no shortage of copies.

10. William Harvey William Harvey was born in 1578. He studied medicine at Padua and then worked in London as a doctor and then as a lecturer. From 1618 he was doctor to King James I and Charles I.

11. Circulation of the body Harvey was interested not so much in the study of the human body but in the circulation of the human body. For that, dead bodies held little information to give so he drew comparisons between humans and animals.

12. Circulation of the body Harvey used cold blooded animals such as frogs to experiment on. Why??? His experiments showed that the heart was a pump and that blood was not created by the liver.

13. Circulation of the body Too prove he was right about the circulation of blood, Harvey devised experiments to show how valves in the body only allowed the blood to flow one way. This proved Galen was wrong and bleeding patients was incorrect. He announced his theory in 1616 and published ‘On the motion of the heart’ in 1628.