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Proteins Protein Basics Used in variety of cellular functions Made of smaller amino acids –Monomer: Amino acid –Polymer: Protein Only 20 amino acids…

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Presentation on theme: "Proteins Protein Basics Used in variety of cellular functions Made of smaller amino acids –Monomer: Amino acid –Polymer: Protein Only 20 amino acids…"— Presentation transcript:

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2 Proteins

3 Protein Basics Used in variety of cellular functions Made of smaller amino acids –Monomer: Amino acid –Polymer: Protein Only 20 amino acids… but thousands of proteins –Exact arrangement of amino acids determines the protein leucinevalineglycinealanineleucine histi- dine aspara- gine serineproline = protein A leucinevalineglycinealanineleucine histi- dine aspara- gine serineproline = protein B leucinevalineglycinealanineleucine = protein C Amino acid (monomer)

4 Amino Acid Structure 5 basic parts 1) Central C atom 2) Amino group (NH2) 3) H 4) Carboxyl group (COOH) 5) R group Only 20 amino acids… Each has different R group..

5 Amino Acid Structure 5 basic parts 1) Central C atom 2) Amino group (NH2) 3) H 4) Carboxyl group (COOH) 5) R group Only 20 amino acids… Each has different R group C H H C OH O N H H Amino acid: Glycine R

6 R Amino Acid Structure 5 basic parts 1) Central C atom 2) Amino group (NH2) 3) H 4) Carboxyl group (COOH) 5) R group Only 20 amino acids… Each has different R group C H C OH O N H H Amino acid: Alanine HH H C

7 R Amino Acid Structure 5 basic parts 1) Central C atom 2) Amino group (NH2) 3) H 4) Carboxyl group (COOH) 5) R group Only 20 amino acids… Each has different R group C H C OH O N H H Amino acid: Valine CH C C HH H H H H

8 What differs between these 6 amino acids? Each “R” group is different

9 Enzymes Type of protein Enzyme: Lowers the energy needed to start a chemical reaction –Breaking down food –Build needed molecules Sensitive to pH, temp –ex: If high fever: enzymes lose ability to work Very specific in actions –ex: Amylase: Breaks starch into simple sugars Reusable glucose Enzyme amylase glucose

10 Kobe Kuiz 1)What are the smaller monomers that make proteins called? 2)How many different amino acids exist? 3)How does each amino acid differ? 4)The NH2 part of the amino acid is called the ____ group. 5)The COOH part of the amino acid is called the ____ group. 6)Which group of proteins help to start chemical reactions? 7)What can cause an enzyme to stop functioning?

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