1. Aldehydes (p. 42)  Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to the beginning (1 st Carbon) or end (last Carbon) of a parent carbon chain.  General form: OO R-C-H H-C-R  Naming:  Drop the “e” from the alkane name and add “al”

2. Example O C-C-H Ethane ( - e ) add al Ethanal

3. Name: O C O C-C-C-C 2-methyl-1,4-butanedial (you are supposed to keep the “e”)

4. Ketones (p. 43)  Organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to carbons within the parent carbon chain (not at the beginning or end).  General form: O R-C-R’  Naming:  Drop the “e” from the alkane name and add “one”.  “one” is pronouced “own”  Give the position # for the carbonyl.

5. Example: O C-C-C 2-propanone

6. Example: C O O C-C-C-C-C-C 5-methyl-2,3-hexanedione

7. Carboxylic Acids (p. 44)  Carboxyl group: O or O -C-OH HO-C-  Organic compounds that contain a carboxyl functional group.  Can only be on the ends.

8. Carboxylic Acids (p. 44) O  General formula: R-C-OH  Naming: o If one carboxyl group Drop the “e” from the alkane name and add “-oic acid”. (No number needed for the carboxyl group)

9. Example: O C-C-C-C-C-C-OH hexanoic acid

10. Example: C O C-C-C-C-C-C-OH 5-methyl hexanoic acid

11. o If more that one carboxyl group. One on each end of the parent chain. -dioic acid.

12. Example: O HO-C-C-C-C-OH 1,4-butanedioc acid