1. Biomolecules

2. Carbohydrates  Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.  The ratio is 1 carbon: 2 hydrogens: 1 oxygen  Used for energy  Three main kinds  Monosaccharide's  Disaccharides  Polysaccharides

3. Monosaccharides  Simple carbohydrates (simple Sugars)  Examples  C 3 H 8 O 3 is Glycerol  Source of energy  Maintain cell membrane structure  C 6 H 12 O 6 is glucose  Used for energy  Organisms acquire glucose from eating

4. Disaccharides  Two monosaccharide's combined into one  Examples  Sucrose (table sugar)  Lactose (milk sugar)  Maltose (malt or beer sugar)  Sugars end in –ose  Used for energy

5. Polysaccharides  Thousands or hundreds of thousands of simple sugars combined  Example  Cellulose: found in plants most abundant in the world and give plants their rigid structure cows, horses, and other animals can digest it and get energy but humans cannot.  Starch: stores energy in plants

6. Lipids  Are a polar head (carboxyl group) that is hydrophilic and a fatty acid tail that is hydrophobic.  Commonly known as oils and fats  Provide stored fuel and energy  Building blocks for cellular membranes  Polar head with two fatty acid tails Cell Membrane Phospholipid

7. Lipids  Fatty acids composed largely of a chain of carbon bonded with hydrogen atoms  carboxyl group (-COOH)  Examples  Saturated Fats: contains all single bonds  Unsaturated Fats: contains at least one double bond.

8. Amino Acids  Create Proteins  20 amino acids  All amino acids have the same structure accept for the r group that is different for every amino acid.

9. Dipeptides and Polypeptides  Dipeptides  two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond or one amino acid with two peptide bonds.  Polypeptides  chains of amino acids  Proteins are made of one or more polypeptides

10. Proteins  Large biomolecules or macromolecules consisting of one ore more long chains of amino acids.  Do most of the work in the cell and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs

11. Nucleic Acid  Biopolmers, or large biomolecues, essantial for all known forms of life  DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides  DNA is used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms