1. Russia before Revolution 300 Years of Czar Rule Ends… Czar Nicholas II 1894-1917 Vladimir Lenin

2. Social Structure of Russia Serfs (Peasants) Nobility Clergy Intellectuals Cover Serfs & Intellectuals first day

3. Russia before Revolution (1900) Tremendous size & population –145 million (90% peasants) –Rich natural resources Weak Economy –High prices, food shortages, etc… Limited transportation network –Few railroads or well built roads Weak industrial power –Few factories, limited steel production, outdated agriculture –Far behind rivals (U.S., France, Great Britain & Germany)

4. 300 Years of CZAR Rule in Russia (1613 – 1917) The Romanovs Renaissance ideas never spread to Russia Czars ruled as virtual dictators No legislative body, no constitution No freedom of speech or assembly Noble class supported czar rule but had little political power

5. Noble Reading Serfs (Peasants) Nobility Clergy Intellectuals

6. Rule of Czar Alexander III 1881-1894 1881: Begins rule after father is assassinated by student revolutionaries seeking reform Alexander III fights reform => Russia becomes a police state –censorship & secret police intimidation became common Russification: forced people to adopt the Russian language/culture –minority groups such as Poles, Finns, Latvians, Armenians, etc Persecution of Jews –Faced discrimination in work/school, organized violence (called pogroms)

7. The Last CZAR Refused to surrender any power Committed 3 major mistakes: 1)Russo-Japanese War (1904) 2)Bloody Sunday (1905) 3)World War I (1914) Nicholas II 1894-1917

8. Road to Revolution Bloody Sunday ( 1905) Peaceful protest for reform Soldiers fire on crowd Nicholas establishes Duma Russia’s 1 st parliament But gives it little/no power Russo-Japanese War ( 1904) World War I ( 1914) Army unprepared Troops mutiny Humiliating Defeat

9. Bloody Sunday

10. Video: Revolution Begins

11. Journal #1 Describe the conditions in Russia in 1917 which made revolution inevitable. AnalyzeAnalyze who intellectuals are in terms of revolutions and why they are an important group. –Hint: what is their role in the revolution process?