1. The Social Impact of Industrialization

2. Manchester: One of the First Industrialized Cities Population 1750: 18,000 1850: 300,000 Life Span, 1843 Laborer: 17 (38) Trader: 20 (41) Gentry: 38 (52)

4. New Classes Emerge The Industrial Middle Class Entrepreneurs Factory owners Innovators/inventors “Rags to riches” Laissez-faire The Industrial Working Class Urban poor Unskilled, uneducated Lived in cramped, crowded tenments

5. The Luddites (early 19 th century)

6. New Ways of Thinking

7. Back to Adam Smith… Laissez-faire capitalism Competition Self-interest Private Ownership Division of Labor

8. Supply and Demand: The “Free Market”

9. Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) laissez-faire

10. David Ricardo (1772-1823) The “Iron Law of Wages”

11. The “Dismal Science”

12. The Utilitarians Jeremy Bentham “The Greatest Good for the Greatest Number” John Stuart Mill Government SHOULD be involved Advocated giving the vote to women and workers

13. What is socialism? Capitalism Self-Interest Laissez-Faire Private Ownership Competition Socialism Collective interest Government involvement Public ownership Cooperation

14. Robert Owen (1771-1858) and “Utopian Socialism” New Harmony, Indiana

15. Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1893) and “Scientific Socialism”

16. The Condition of the Working Class in England (Engels, 1844) “I charge the English middle class with mass murder, wholesale robbery, and all the other crimes in the calendar.” Engels, 1844

17. The Communist Manifesto (1848) Das Kapital (1867)

18. Main Ideas Class conflict Impact of Industrialization Alienation - his analysis of how people are bound to become estranged from themselves and each other under the conditions of capitalist industrial production Labor Theory of Value – Time = Value Dialectical Materialism Hegel ’ s dialectic “ turned on its head ” "Hegel's dialectic often appears broken up for convenience into three moments called "thesis" (in the French historical example, the revolution), "antithesis" (the terror which followed), and "synthesis" (the constitutional state of free citizens) An inevitable historical process (hence “ scientific socialism ” ) The conflict is believed to be caused by material needs.

19. “ Dialectical Materialism ” Marx framed this in economics CLASS CONFLICT Stages of history (these are scientific) 1.Primitive communism 2.Slavery 3.Feudalism 4.Capitalism 5.Communism