1. Schools of thought in psychology

2.  Early roots in ancient Greek philosophy introspection: “know thyself” (Socrates) associationism (roots of learning theory) Aristotle

3. Structuralism (Wilhelm Wundt) Functionalism (William James) Behavorism (John Watson/ B F. Skinner) Gestalt Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud)

4.  Wilhelm Wundt: structuralism: focuses on the basic elements of consciousness Consciousness consists of 2 categories: objective sensations ( senses)and subjective feelings (emotional responses and mental images) Combined with introspection, individuals can report and examine experiences

5.  William James: functionalism: concerned with the role of mental processes to the survival of an organism (adaptation to the environment)

6. structuralismfunctionalism Relies on introspection Asks” what are the elements (structures) of the psychological process?” Relies on introspection and observation Asks “what is the purpose of the behavior or mental process?” Behavior patterns are learned and maintained because they are successful Through repetition, behaviors become habit/automatic

7.  John Watson: behaviorism: the study of observable behavior Took a purely scientific approach and believed that trying to understand psychological constructs was not productive Behavior is based on being rewarded for certain actions (rat learns to go through maze to get the reward if it is hungry)

8.  B. F. Skinner: followed Watson’s concept of behaviorism; added the concept of reinforcement (learning is the result of reinforced behaviors)

9.  Sigmund Freud: founder of psychoanalysis, stressed the importance of unconscious thoughts on behavior (psychodynamic thinking)