1. By Luke Eng P5Resilient If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it? -Albert Einstein

2. To find out if the bag weight to body weight and bag weight to height ratio is linked to P5 GEP pupils having joint aches.

3. Neck Shoulders Back Hips Knees Ankles Feet

4. Posture of student Design of bag Habits of students carrying their bags – on one shoulder, two shoulders, etc.

5. The research may find a different safety cut off for weight of school bags specific to P5 GEP pupils. A different safety cut off may be different for boys and girls.

6. 1 st :A bag that is too heavy for a P5 GEP pupil given height or body weight contributes to pain in the weight bearing joints. 2nd: A big fraction of P5 GEP pupils may not be removing items not needed from their schoolbags. 3rd: Carrying heavy schoolbags to school reduce their timing in the 1.8km run. 4 th : heavy schoolbags may stunt their height growth

7. P5 Resilient pupils, because 1.Having to weigh and measure the height of three classes would be too troublesome 2.Everyday, every class would have different subjects

8. X axis Bag weight Y axis Bag weight / height Body weight / bag weight 1.8km run results

9. “School bag carriage and pain in school children” in Pubmed, a medical website. 1.In 2012, Jayaratne K. found that schoolbags are an important factor in joint pain. 2.In 2006, Al-Hazza HM. found that one-third of the 702 Saudi boys experienced pain from heavy schoolbags 3.Pucktree T., Silal SP., Lin J. found joint pain experinced from scholars 11-14 yrs old are related to the type of bag carried Proposed by Voll and Klimt, the recommended bag weight is 10% of your body weight. Even thought it’s started in 1977, it continues to be the recommended guideline by many!

10. Overloaded backpacks carried by children compromise their posture and may lead to future injuries of the spine, according to researchers who studied the effects of fatigue and load on posture of 8 to 9 year-old children carrying bags. Nearly 25 percent of young students carry bags weighing more than 20 percent of their bodyweight on a daily basis! (Are you one of them?)

11. Survey

12. Step 1: Measure the weight of student Your weight will be kept private Step 2: Measure the weight of the student with his/her bag upon arrival at school before they unpack Step 3: Measure the student’s height Step 4: Plot charts on Excel

13. Step 1: Craft the survey Your answers are valued Step 2: Give out the survey Step 3: Collect the survey Please be honest

14. April: Craft survey May: Give out survey, collect survey, collect data June: Collate results August: Collate all results and form conclusion

15. Heights: Weights: Weights of bags: Yet to be completed 1.8km results:

16. 1.http://www.iea.cc/ECEE/pdfs/art0212.pdf 2.http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/25106.php 3.http://www.123rf.com/photo_12420574_stack-of-manilla-file-folders- stamped-confidential.html 4.http://www.fitcommerce.com/Blueprint/Page.aspx?pageId=354&port alId=2&tabindex=5 5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=school+bag+carriage+an d+pain+in+school+children 6.http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/correlational-studies-in- psychology-examples-advantages-types.html

17. Mentors: Mrs. Debbie Lam Mr. Joshua Meyyappan Ms. Charity Kam Ms. Toh Shi Min