1. Human Ecology vs. Cultural Ecology Ecological anthropologists who view themselves as human ecologists generally see ecology as providing a testable framework for examining both human and nonhuman social behavior within a unified theoretical perspective. Those who view themselves as cultural ecologists, on the other hand, are more likely to reject a strict application of ecological principles to the study of the human condition on the grounds that culture acts as a mediating force which renders human adaptation to the environment analytically distinct from that of all other species. For cultural ecologists, ecology serves more as an orientation for the study of human environmental relations than as an operational set of theoretical principles which can be used to explain specific human social behaviors.

2. Ecological Concepts

3. Energy Flow in Ecological Systems

4. House energy-flow system

5. Energy Flow in the U.S. Food Production and Distribution System

6. Food Web

7. House Temperature Decreases Furnace Restores House Temperature Negative Feedback System

8. Neutron Bomb Positive Feedback System M.I.R.V. I.C.B.M. Hydrogen Bomb Atomic Bomb

9. Energy Subsidy

10. Range-Fed vs. Feedlot Beef

11. Energy subsidies in U.S. Food Production System

12. Energy Drains

13. Conditions favoring the evolution of two or more distinct adaptive strategies: (1)Coarse-grained environments (2)Resources which require distinct physical or behavioral adaptations for their effective exploitation

14. The Evolution of Ecological Communities