1. Chapter 4 South Asia

2. Indus Valley Civilization 2500 BCE – 1500 BCE Indus Valley was a civilization along the Indus River in northwestern India. Major cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Both were heavily populated (100,000+), and master- planned with uniform construction and sophisticated wastewater systems. Architecture was top-notch. Farmers grew cotton, and its artisans made cloth.

3. Aryans By 1500 BCE the Indus Valley was taken over by the Aryans that came from the Black and Caspian Sea. Introduced horse and advanced weapons. Religion was polytheistic and based on reincarnation. Holy writing can be found in the Vedas and the Upanishads. These beliefs evolved into Hinduism.

4. Aryan Social Structure

5. Sanskrit Sanskrit remains a learned and sacred language in India today. English is a distantly related to Sanskrit. The relationship is show below: EnglishSanskrit MotherMatar Fatherpitar Brotherbhratar Sistersvasar Sonsunus Daughterduhitar