1. 9/26/2013 Learning Targets: Learning Targets: – I can describe the events in Charles Darwin’s life that lead to his development of the theory of Evolution. – I can define a species. – I can describe ways that species stay separate. Homework: Read pages 378-382 (stop at Evidence of Evolution) complete problems 25- 32 on page 389-390

2. Darwin’s Evolution From gardens to writing, Darwin’s evolution of thought

3. Back in Darwin’s Day…. Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 to a well off family in Shrewsbury, England. Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 to a well off family in Shrewsbury, England. Charles went to boarding school and would often sneak out to see his dog, Spark. Charles hated school. Charles went to boarding school and would often sneak out to see his dog, Spark. Charles hated school. He liked doing experiments with his brother He liked doing experiments with his brother

4. A young Darwin…. In 1825 Charles began classes at Edinburgh University to study medicine. In 1825 Charles began classes at Edinburgh University to study medicine. He hated it. He hated it. Next Charles went to Cambridge University to be a minister. Next Charles went to Cambridge University to be a minister.

5. The Chance of a lifetime… A professor friend, Dr. Henslow, knew that Darwin was adrift, not knowing what to do as an occupation so… A professor friend, Dr. Henslow, knew that Darwin was adrift, not knowing what to do as an occupation so… He knew that Captain FitzRoy was going to circumnavigate (go around the world) and needed a naturalist. He knew that Captain FitzRoy was going to circumnavigate (go around the world) and needed a naturalist. He asked Darwin to go. He asked Darwin to go.

6. The HMS Beagle

7. 90’ 4’’ long 90’ 4’’ long 74 people lived on board 74 people lived on board Carried drinking water, food Carried drinking water, food Darwin had a hammock over the table. Darwin had a hammock over the table.

8. The Beagle’s Voyage:

9. The trip took 5 years to complete. The trip took 5 years to complete. While on the trip Darwin read books: While on the trip Darwin read books: –Charles Lyell – Principles of Geology which said the earth changes over periods of time. –Jean Baptise Lamark – wrote that inheritance of acquired traits. –Thomas Malthus wrote Essay on the Principle of Population which said that humans would overpopulate and compete for food and other resources.

10. Lemarkism: Lemark’s Theory of Evolution

11. Charles Becomes a Scientist Throughout the voyage of the Beagle, Darwin read books and saw many different organisms. Some of the organisms were new to science. Throughout the voyage of the Beagle, Darwin read books and saw many different organisms. Some of the organisms were new to science. Darwin discovered a fossil on the coast of Argentina. He saw that this animal was not on earth any longer. Darwin discovered a fossil on the coast of Argentina. He saw that this animal was not on earth any longer.

12. Charles Becomes a Scientist For Months, Darwin had been reading Lyell’s book about the Earth, and how Earth had been formed by natural forces. For Months, Darwin had been reading Lyell’s book about the Earth, and how Earth had been formed by natural forces. He started to see these forces himself: He started to see these forces himself: – He saw cracks open in the ground, – He saw seashells at the top of hills so these must have been underwater at some time.

13. The Galapagos Islands…. Lie in the Pacific Ocean Lie in the Pacific Ocean Six hundred miles west of Ecuador Six hundred miles west of Ecuador They consist of 13 major islands and 6 smaller islands. They consist of 13 major islands and 6 smaller islands.

14. The Galapagos Islands….

16. Darwin’s Finches

17. Charles is a Scientist… Several things led Darwin to speculate about the changes that might occur in species over time: Several things led Darwin to speculate about the changes that might occur in species over time: – Diversity of life (so many different organisms) – The geographic patterns whereby different yet related species were found close to one another. – Fossils he collected of organisms not alive on Earth today.

18. Down House

19. Artificial Selection Since before Darwin’s time, people have been selectively breeding animals and plants: chickens that lay more eggs, cows that produce more milk, flowers that are brighter and last longer. Since before Darwin’s time, people have been selectively breeding animals and plants: chickens that lay more eggs, cows that produce more milk, flowers that are brighter and last longer. When humans are the selecting agents, we can alter in a short period of time the characteristics of an organism. When humans are the selecting agents, we can alter in a short period of time the characteristics of an organism.

20. Artificial Selection

22. On the Origin of Species A species is a group of similar organisms that can reproduce and produce viable offspring. A species is a group of similar organisms that can reproduce and produce viable offspring. Is a Beagle a species? Why or why not? Is a Beagle a species? Why or why not? What is a liger? What is a liger? How do species stay separate??? How do species stay separate???

23. September 27, 2013 Learning Targets: Learning Targets: I can describe the tenets of Darwin’s theory. I can describe the tenets of Darwin’s theory. I can relate the theory of evolution to the nature of science. I can relate the theory of evolution to the nature of science. I can synthesize the various contributions of other scientists to Darwin’s theory of evolution I can synthesize the various contributions of other scientists to Darwin’s theory of evolution

24. Prezygotic Barriers

25. Postzygotic Barriers

26. Darwin’s Struggle

27. Alfred Wallace In 1858, Darwin received a letter from Alfred Wallace with a paper that he hoped Darwin would help him publish. In 1858, Darwin received a letter from Alfred Wallace with a paper that he hoped Darwin would help him publish. Inside this letter was Wallace’s theory of how Evolution works – He had the same idea as Darwin! Natural Selection! Inside this letter was Wallace’s theory of how Evolution works – He had the same idea as Darwin! Natural Selection! Alfred R. Wallace was the codiscoverer of Natural Selection Alfred R. Wallace was the codiscoverer of Natural Selection

28. On the Origin of Species On November 24, 1859, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection was published. On November 24, 1859, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection was published. Darwin wrote “My book has stirred up the mud.” Darwin wrote “My book has stirred up the mud.”

29. Summary of Darwin’s Theory: Individual organisms differ and some of this variation is heritable. Individual organisms differ and some of this variation is heritable. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive and many that do survive do not reproduce. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive and many that do survive do not reproduce. Because more organisms are produced than can survive they compete for limited resources. Because more organisms are produced than can survive they compete for limited resources.

30. Summary of Darwin’s Theory: Individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. These organisms pass their traits to their offspring. Individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. These organisms pass their traits to their offspring. Species alive today are descended with modifications from ancestral species that lived in the distant past. Species alive today are descended with modifications from ancestral species that lived in the distant past.

31. Natural Selection: The Peppered Moth

32. Evolution through Natural Selection Today Today Darwin’s ideas are considered a cornerstone of modern science. Today Darwin’s ideas are considered a cornerstone of modern science. He figured out passing traits from one generation to another without knowing about cells or DNA. He figured out passing traits from one generation to another without knowing about cells or DNA. The evidence for evolution by Natural Selection is overwhelming. The evidence for evolution by Natural Selection is overwhelming. However, Darwin’s ideas are still controversial. However, Darwin’s ideas are still controversial.