1. THE AUSTRIAN HABSBURGS 1648-1740 Ch. 16 State Building and the European State System, 1648-1789

2. Absolutism in Austria  Not as successful as in France –WHY?  Habsburgs don’t have the same amount of control as Louis XIV Holy Roman Empire more independent at Thirty Years’ War Over 10 different nationalities, languages, traditions represented within the Habsburg lands Multiple religions (Christian and non-Christian) represented Double external threat: Louis XIV’s France (west) and the Ottoman Empire (Southeast)

3. Red, grey, pink, orange, yellow

4. Leopold I, 1657-1705  Devout Catholic – to be priest BUT  Holy Roman Emperor and Emperor of Austria at 17  Fathered 16 children with 3 wives  Built Schőnbrunn outside of Vienna

6. Defender of Vienna  1683 Turkish forces tried to take over Vienna  Louis XIV refused to come to Austria’s aid Rest of Europe outraged – Why wouldn’t he help another Christian nation?  After 2 months under siege Austrian coalition forces defeat the Turks – Hungary again becomes part of Austrian domain  By 1687 Leopold convinces the Hungarian Diet to make crown of Hungary a hereditary right of the Austrian Habsburgs  Hungarians also forfeit their traditional right to rebel against an unjust ruler!

7. Austrian Territory Growing BUT…  Austrian Emperor does not have absolute control  Religious issues Catholics; Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, Jewish, and even Muslim  Ethnic issues  Social issues i.e. in Hungary, Austrian Emperor must work together with Hungarian magnates Magnates control the land and have dominion over the serfs

8. Joseph I and Charles VI  Joseph I, 1705-1711  Dies while fighting in the War of Spanish Succession  Charles VI, 1711-1740  He could be the next Charles V (combine Spanish and Austrian Habsburg domains under one individual) BUT  Other European countries want that as much as they want a Bourbon on the throne in Spain!

9. Charles VI and his Daughter  Charles VI concentrates on securing the Austrian throne for his daughter Maria Theresa  PROBLEM #1= No woman has inherited the Austrian throne  SOLUTION #1 = Pragmatic Sanction – Charles convinces other European rulers and magnates to accept her rule  Does this solution hold?  PROBLEM #2 = Holy Roman Emperor CANNOT be a woman  SOLUTION #2 = Maria Theresa’s husband will be HREmperor and “represent” the Habsburgs