1. Canon of Beauty MORT 1010 Special Topics

2. The Canon of Beauty Established more than 25 centuries ago. An aesthetic standard. Serve as a basis for comparison. Few persons exhibit perfect proportions. Canon of Beauty is not employed dogmatically… or all people will bear the same resemblance.

3. Head Geometric form of the normal skull Oval from three views ~Front ~Side ~Crown **Upper portion wider than lower**

4. Body Length 7 1/2 head lengths (8 in tall people) 1. First head length: head! 2. Second head length: chest line at nipples. 3. Third head length: waistline, at bellybutton. 4. Forth head length: groin area. 5. Fifth head length: a bit above the knee. 6. Sixth head length: just below knee. 7. Seventh head length: above ankle(or mid-calf, if the person is 8 heads). 8. Seven and 3/4 (or eighth) head length: at bottom of feet bottom of feet.

5. Body Length Sole to patella x 3 2/3 or 3.67 ~Sole to patella ~Patella to symphysis pubis Symphysis to manubrium (wide part of sternum) ~Manubrium to bregma (vertex of the cranium)

6. Am I Ugly?

7. Canon of Ugliness Difficult to state where “beauty” ends and “ugliness” begins. Varies according to: Race Time Culture Fashion Ugliness can be described only as any great variation from the Canon of Beauty.

8. General Considerations Most of us do not conform completely to the Canon of Beauty, but we come close. Most faces are asymmetrical ~Both eyes may not be the same width. ~One side of the mouth may be wider than the other. One side of the nose may be wider than the other. One cheek may be more prominent than the other. Ears exhibit the greatest differences in ~Position ~Form ~Size

9. Horizontal Planes The face is divided by eight lines Create six special zones Divide face in two equal halves. ~Vertex (top) of the cranium Bregma ~Line of eye closure Base of the chin

10. Horizontal Planes Divide the face in three equal parts ~“Normal” Hairline ~Eyebrows/Top of ears Base of nose/Base of earlobe ~Base of chin

11. Horizontal Planes Divide area between base of nose and base of chin ~Base of nose ~Line of lip closure ~Top of chin ~Base of chin

12. Vertical Planes Used to determine width of head features Use of the width of eye as standard. Draw a line down from the medial corner of each eye. Extend to corner of the wing of the nose.

13. Vertical Planes Extend a line down from the lateral corner of each eye. This line will extend to the sides of the face

14. Vertical Planes Extend a line down from the middle of the eye. This line will extend to the corners of the mouth

15. Units of Size and Proportion Head Widest part = distance between the two parietal eminences. Nose Face is three noses long Length nose = length ear Width nose = width eye Mouth Two eyes wide.

16. Units of Size and Proportion Eye 12345 The face is five eyes wide Between zygomatic arches—widest part of face. ~Distance between eyes equals width of one eye

17. Units of Size and Proportion Ear Superior border is on same horizontal plane as eyebrows. Inferior border is on same horizontal plane as base of nose. ~Face is three ears long.

18. Units of Size and Proportion Thumb and Index finger Hold thumb parallel to index finger Distance from tip of the thumb to tip of finger is equal to the following: Length of ear Length of nose Normal hairline to root of nose Base of nose to bottom of chin

19. Supplemental Equalities Ear passage to tip of nose Eyebrow to base of chin Hairline to base of nose Ear passage to ear passage Face width = 2/3 face length

20. Other Equalities Length of foot One head-length ½ width of shoulders Phalanges Distal phalanx #2 = 1/9 face length Middle phalanx #2 = Width of eye Distal phalanges 1 and 2 = 1/3 face length Distal phalanx #3 to lunate = length of face

21. Photographs and Proportions ~Photographs are indispensable Compare snapshots with professional portraits. Avoid using older pictures ~Portraits are valuable because of their size. Not completely dependable Usually retouched Modifies or erases important characteristics Invert photo Same position many embalmers use. Detection of asymmetry Use of magnifying glass

22. Highlights and Shadows Highlight Any surface lying at a right angle to the source of illumination which reflects the maximum amount of light. ~The brighter part. Shadow Surface which do not lie at right angles to the source of illumination or are obscured by other surfaces. ~Reflect little or no light.

23. Interpretation of Highlight and Shadow Highlights Shadows Indicate: Raised areas Creases Projection Grooves Shallow depressions

24. Interpretation of Highlight and Shadow Under flat lighting Under directional lighting Under normal lighting