1. Chapter 7 Evaluating Samples When Researchers Do Not Generalize Nona Batiste EDCI 695/10.28.15 Evaluating Research in Academic Journals

2. Chapter 7-Evaluating Samples When Researchers Do Not Generalize “I never guess. It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data. Insensibly one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to suit facts.” Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Author of Sherlock Holmes stories

3. Video 1 How to Write a Good Article Critique How to write a good article critique by Brad Johnson https://youtu.be/b57mJTz2qF4 https://youtu.be/b57mJTz2qF4

4. Generalizing Taking something specific and applying it more broadly is generalizing. http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/generalization In research the researcher may make inferences about the populations that they are studying. Pilot studies are used to determine the feasibility of specific research problems.

5. Types of Theories Theories are propositions that provide cohesive explanation of the underlying dynamics of certain aspects of behavior. Self-verification theory where people attempt to maintain stable self-concepts. Developing and testing theories are used when the researcher is focusing on testing one or more aspect of a sample.

6. Important Info on Critiquing Videos 2 & 3 Sampling: Simple Random, Convenience, systematic, cluster, stratified-Statistics Help By the Statistics Learning Centre https://youtu.be/be9e-Q-jC-0 Purposive Sampling Demonstration by Darin Rowles https://youtu.be/SugpZJrcFqU

7. http:// image.slidesharecdn.com/m-br7explresearch-130627025949-phpapp01/95/mbr7-expl-research-12- 638.jpg?cb=1372302074

8. 8 Areas to Consider When Reviewing an Article  Has the researcher described the sample/population in sufficient detail?  For a pilot study or developmental test of a theory, has the research used a sample with relevant demographics?  Even if the purpose is not to generalize to a population, has the researcher used a sample of adequate size?  Saturation can occur if no new information can be derived by further testing of a condition.  Dyads and Triads are 2-3 components of the samples where these elements or parts being reviewed as parts to one unit.  Is the sample size adequate in terms of its orientation (quantitative versus qualitative)?  If a purposive sample has been used, has the researcher indicated the basis for selecting participants?  If a population has been studied, has it been clearly identified and described?  Has informed consent been obtained?  Overall, is the description of the sample adequate?

9. Terminology Demographics – the statistical characteristics of human populations used in research. Dyad- two individual units that can be regarded as a pair that are of similar nature. Generalizing- the process of studying samples of a population in order to make inferences about the whole population from which the samples are taken. Pilot Study- a small study that is conducted before the larger planned project is done to test the aspects of the research design. Purposive sample- one in which the researcher has a special interest because of the characteristics that make them a rich resource of information. Saturation-the point at which no new information is derived from the sample population.

10. Cited Works Works Cited Image.Slideshare. (20015, October 18). Retrieved from Image.slidesharecdn.com: http://image.slidesharecdn.com/m- br7explresearch-130627025949-phpapp01/95/mbr7-expl-research-12- 638.jpg?cb=1372302074 Johnson, B. (2015, October 18). How to write a good article critique. Retrieved from YouTube: https://youtu.be/b57mJTz2qF4 Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE. Rowles, D. (2015, October 18). Purposive Sampling Demonstration. Retrieved from Youtube: https://youtu.be.\/sugpZJrcFqU The Free Dictionary. (2015, October 18). Retrieved from Thefreedictionary.com: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dyad Vocabulary.Com. (2015, October 18). Retrieved from Dictionary: hhtp://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/generalization