1. Acid-Base Theories Review

2. Acid-Base Theories Summary TypeAcidBase Arrhenius Brønsted-Lowry H + producerOH - producer H + donorH + acceptor

3. How did Arrehnius describe acids and bases? Classify each of the following as an Arrhenius acid or an Arrhenius base. a.Ca(OH) 2 b.HNO 3 c.H 2 SO 3 d.HC 2 H 5 O 2 e.KOH base acid base

4. Identify the acids in the previous question as monoprotic, diprotic or triprotic. a.Ca(OH) 2 b.HNO 3 c.H 2 SO 3 d.HC 2 H 5 O 2 e.KOH Write the equation for the dissociation of KOH. – KOH  K + + OH - monoprotic diprotic monoprotic

5. Identify each reactant in the following equation as an acid or a base according to the Brønsted-Lowry Model. – HNO 3 + H 2 O  H 3 O + + NO 3 - – H 2 O + CH 3 COO -  CH 3 COOH + OH - What does it mean to be amphoteric?

6. Write equations showing that the hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO 4 2- ) is amphoteric. Write the formula for the conjugate base of each of the following Brønsted-Lowry Acids. a.HCO 3 - b.HI Why was the Brønsted-Lowry model of acids and bases needed? CO 3 2- I-I-

7. The substance NaOH is classified as a base by both Arrhenius and Brønsted- Lowry. Using your knowledge of chemistry explain why NaOH is a base in each of the models. Using your knowledge of the Brønsted- Lowry Model, complete the following equation: OH - + HPO 4 2- 