1. Organizations as Socially Constructed Agents in the Agent Oriented Paradigm Guido Boella Leon van der Torre

2. Complexity in OO (Booch, 1988) 1.“Decomposition: the most basic technique for tackling any large problem is to divide it into smaller, more manageable chunks each of which can then be dealt with in relative isolation. 2.Abstraction: the process of defining a simplified model of the system that emphasizes some of the details or properties. 3.Organization: the process of identifying and managing interrelationships between various problem solving components.” (coor,dbc,sla)

3. Complexity in MAS Agent cannot be decomposed in agents? Aggregation: groups and organizations How to define decomposition in MAS? MAS as organization and decomposition? Success criteria: control, communication

4. Our Approach Normative multiagent systems Agents attribute mental attitudes (Dennett): –to other agents and –to socially constructed agents (counts as): groups, roles, normative systems, organizations SC agents can create new SC agents –Compare SC agents to legal persons SC agents can attribute mental attitudes –For example, to define roles

5. MAS

6. Control Sub-goals over functional areas / roles –Goals role are responsibilities of agent in role –Goals with violations express also obligations Beliefs over functional areas / roles –Know how, statutes, manuals –Security, privacy of information –“Counts as” institutional relations (iterated!) Actions of SC agents (via real agents) –Dynamics of normative systems

7. Communication Explicit how organization changes –Institutionalized patterns of interaction Communication actions of SC agents –Iterated “counts as”, changes in organization –Documents record communication –Regulated by contracts Role communication –Distinguished from agent-playing-role comm.

8. Summary Agents can be decomposed into agents –but only socially constructed agents! Control: normative multiagent systems Communication: effects explicit in system Construction of social reality –Functional areas & roles only if is organization –Organization restructures itself

9. Further Research Design by contract Service level agreements & architecture Assignment of agents to roles Use multiagent model for simulation –Advantage over OO How to achieve it without mental attitudes? –Use the model for programming languages