1. East Meets West The Crusades

2. The Crusades: Causes European Expansionism  Agricultural advances increase food supply  Capture of major areas by Muslims

3. Europe 1000-1100

4. Call for a Crusade  Urban II calls for Crusade, 1095  Objectives  Drive Turks from Anatolia  Provide occasion for healing Great Schism on Rome's terms  Capture Holy Land

5. Pope Urban II Preaching a Crusade

7. Major Events of Crusades  I Crusade 1097-1098  Achieves all major objectives in Holy Land  Turkish threat halted, though not eliminated

8. Major Events of Crusades  II Crusade, 1147-1148  Military failure, discredits Crusaders as military threat  III Crusade, 1189-1191  Well-known in literature (Robin Hood)

9. Major Events of Crusades IV Crusade, 1199-1204  Crusaders sack Constantinople, 1204  Chance to heal Great Schism utterly lost.

10. Major Events of Crusades V Crusade1218-1219 – Crusaders try to conquer Egypt VI Crusade 1229 – Frederick II of Germany did little fighting and a lot of negotiation which he was criticized for – Treaty gave the Crusaders Jerusalem and all the other holy cities and a truce of ten years

11. Major Events of Crusades VII Crusade 1248-1254 – Led by Louis IX of France – Nearly an exact repeat of the Fifth Crusade VIII Crusade 1270 – Led by Louis IX of France – The last Crusader cities on the mainland of Palestine fell in 1291

12. Crusades died out  Lack of interest, rising European prosperity  Repeated military defeats  Discredited by "crusades" against Christians

13. Effects of Crusades  Vast increase in culture for many Europeans.  Stimulated Mediterranean trade.  Led to development of banking techniques.  Rise of the use of coats of arms  Romantic and imaginative literature.

14. Effects of Crusades  Knowledge introduced to Europe  Heavy stone masonry, construction of castles and stone churches.  Siege technology, tunneling, sapping.  Moslem minarets adopted as church spires  Weakening of nobility, rise of merchant classes  Europe was greatly influenced by the “East”, but had little to give in return.