1. Ancient Greece

2. Common themes with other civilizations? What makes Greece stand out? Where do we see traces of it in modern West?

3. Greece The polis  Greek city-state  Plural: poleis  Consisted of city, surrounding territory

4. Greece Athens  DEMOCRACY (demokratia): rule of the people Assembly, for citizens Judiciary  Greece’s great naval power

5. Greece Sparta  Xenophobic, closed military society  Resented Athens  Spartan military Boys’ education  HOPLITES Austerity Formidable!

6. Greece

7. Origins of Persian Wars (499-479 BC)  Origins in Anatolia  Greeks revolted, petitioned Athens for aid  Destroyed major Persian cities  Persians crushed rebellion, sought revenge

8. Greece The Battle of Marathon (490/91 BC)  Persians launched invasion of Greece  The fighting 24 miles from Athens Athenians outnumbered Yet Athenian victory! Messenger ran to Athens with news?

9. Greece Phalanx

10. Greece The Conflict Continues  New invasion launched under Xerxes  BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE (480 BC) Location of strategic hidden road betrayed to Persians Leonidas et al. defended pass Greece now open to Persians!  Ultimate Greek victory Thermopylae

11. Greece Trireme

12. Greece Questions?

13. Greece

14. The Olympics  Celebrated at temple of Zeus, Olympia  Ceremonial games inaugurated 776 BC  “Panhellenic” event  Many games  Victors  prizes Myron, Diskobolos (5 th cent. BC)

15. Greece Greek Religion  Communal  Olympian gods  Oracles

16. Greece

18. Homer Greek Poetry  Early poems: epics Long, narrative tales about heroes Recited, sung to audience  HOMER (ca. 725 BC) Blind? Relied on oral tradition Iliad, Odyssey

19. Greece

20. Greek Theater  Social, religious  Tragedy  Comedy

21. Greece

22. Theater at Epidauros, Greece ca. 335 BC

23. Greece Greek Sculpture  Fascination with human body  Emphasis on “Idealism”  Favorite: idealized nude male Polykleitos, Doryphoros (ca. 450 BC)

24. Greece The Akropolis, Athens  Reconstructed after Persian Wars  The Parthenon (447-438 BC) Temple dedicated to Athena Parthenos “Ideal” temple

25. Greece The Parthenon

26. Greece Phidias, Athena Parthenos (ca. 440 BC)

27. Greece Plato (427-348 BC)  Disciple of Sokrates  Worldview “Theory of forms” Dualistic  Explored ideal state in The Republic  Founded Academy, Athens

28. Greece Aristotle (384-322 BC)  Disciple of Plato  Emphasized scientific observation  Studied, categorized political systems in Politics  Misogynist!  Founded Lyceum, Athens

29. Greece Hippocrates of Cos (ca. 460-370 BC)  “Father of Medicine”  Belief: illness comes from problems in body, natural causes  Prescribed natural remedies  Disciples stressed keeping meticulous records

30. Greece Questions?

31. The Hellenistic Period

32. Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 BC)  Prince of MACEDON, king at age 20  Tutor: Aristotle  Educated in Greek culture  Secure position in Macedon and Greece  Persia!

33. The Hellenistic Period Alexander’s Conquests  Invaded, conquered Persian Empire (334-327 BC)  Traveled as far as India (327 BC)  His “unacceptable” behavior  mutiny  Alexander died at Babylon (323 BC)

34. The Hellenistic Period

35. Pharos, Alexandria The Hellenistic Period (323-30 BC)  “HELLENISTIC” Refers to spread, transformation of Greek culture throughout Alexander’s empire Common language: Greek Foreigners became Greek by participating in Greek culture  Center of Hellenistic culture: ALEXANDRIA, Egypt

36. The Hellenistic Period Questions?

37. Ancient Greece Common themes with other civilizations? What makes Greece stand out? Where do we see traces of it in modern West?