1. Biochemistry What are living things made of?

2. Elements and Atoms Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space. Atoms - basic building blocks of all matter. Elements – pure substances that can’t be broken down into other substances. (atoms) Molecules – two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds. (smallest combination that can’t be divided without changing its chemical and physical properties) Compounds –substances composed of atoms of different elements chemically combined. (molecules )

3. Cells work on a chemical level The four types of molecules cells use regularly are: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids (Don’t copy the picture!)

4. Organic Compounds/components Carbohydrates: made of simple sugars Proteins: made of amino acids Lipids: made of 1 glycerol + at least 1 fatty acid Nucleic Acids: made of nucleotides Organic Compounds – contain Carbon and Hydrogen Substance = compound = chemical

5. Monomer- a molecule that can bond in long chains. Here is a monomer: Polymer- a chain of monomers. Here is a polymer: Monomers & Polymers Organic compounds are made of units called monomers or polymers.

6. Carbohydrates Characteristics of Carbohydrates MonomerSimple sugar molecules FunctionStores energy and some structures Examplesglucose, fructose, Starch, FactUsually large molecules Food sources Bread, candy, pasta, vegetables Video clips come from United Streaming: Energy and the Chemistry of Life (39:48)

7. Lipid Characteristics of Lipids MonomerFatty acids FunctionStores energy, forms membranes, some hormones ExamplesBody fat, cell membranes, testosterone FactLipids do not dissolve in water but do dissolve in oils Food sources Candy, red meats, fried foods, dairy products

8. Proteins Characteristics of Proteins Monomeramino acids FunctionMakes enzymes (metabolism), forms structures, some hormones ExamplesLactase, Insulin, hair, cartilage, muscle tissue FactAll proteins are made of the same 20 amino acids Food sources Meats, nuts, tofu

9. Enzymes Enzymes- proteins used by the cell to speed up and regulate metabolic reactions. Enzymes are biological catalysts that remain unchanged by the reaction.

10. Enzymes The substrate is temporarily bound to its enzyme at the active site. The enzyme may change shape slightly to accommodate the substrate. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4jEZ9Os6QM&feature=related Watch the video:

11. Nucleic Acids Characteristics of Nucleic Acids Made ofNucleotides FunctionStores genetic information, directs cell activity, makes proteins ExamplesDNA and RNA FactDNA is a double helix and RNA is a single helix Food sources Most foods made from living materials

12. Use the following slides to go along with organic substance foldable. (Mrs. Scott’s Biology H classes stop here!)

13. Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids

14. Organic Substances Carbohydrate s ProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids Sugars Starches Meats Hormones Muscle Hair Nails Enzymes Blood Cells Fats Oils Waxes DNA RNA