1. The Animal Kingdom

2. Introduction to the Animal Kingdom D ©Holt ©1994, Lavia ©2003Tan & Yeo

3. A- Development from a blastula B- Determinant development with well-developed tissue layers C- Radial symmetry D- Bilateral Symmetry E- Blastopore becomes mouth F- Blastopore becomes anus Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom D

4. synapomorphy What is a synapomorphy ? Organisms share derived (apomorphic) character states… Provides evidence of evolutionary relationships between taxa D

5. TRACE CHARACTER… A- Development from a blastula Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom D

6. TRACE CHARACTER… B- Determinant development with well-developed tissue layers Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom D

7. TRACE CHARACTER… C- Radial symmetry D- Bilateral Symmetry Synapomorphies that define the major clades of the Animal Kingdom D

8. General Animal Life Cycle

11. Grades of Animal Groups Cell Grade Choanozoa Tissue Grade Parazoa Organ Grade Radiata Bilateria

12. THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 1. The Animal Clade 2. The Unicellular Animals 3. The Multicellular Animals 4. The Tissue-Level Grade 5. The Organ-Level Grade 6. The Radiate Animals 7. The Bilaterians 8. The Nephrozoans 9. The Deuterostomes 10. The Protostomes 11. The Ecdysozoans 12. The Spiralians

14. CHOANOFLAGELLATES Single-celled, colonial, eukaryotes Choanozoa

15. Parazoa

16. Radiata

17. The Bilateria Protostomata –Most animals Deuterostomata –Only a few taxa, including the Craniates and Echinoderms

18. Examples of Protostomes Nematoda

19. Examples of Protostomes Arthropoda

20. Examples of Protostomes Mollusca

21. Examples of Protostomes Platyhelminthes

22. Examples of Protostomes Syndermata

23. Examples of Deuterostomes Echinodermata

24. Major Events in the Evolution of the Animals Lemons and McGinnis. 2006. Genomic Evolution of Hox Gene Clusters. Science. 313 (5795): 1918-1922

25. Major Events in the Evolution of the Animals Origin of animals following the period of Snowball Earth The Ediacaran Fauna

26. Major Events in the Evolution of the Animals Cambrian Explosion Rise in oxygen and ozone Rise in calcium Appearance of Hox genes Eyes Predator-prey arms race Increase in size