1. d"nwf/sf ;+rf/dfWodx¿df cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿sf] ;dembfl/tfdf clej[l4 Ps /fli6«o ax; sfo{zfnf !$ sflt{s @)&!, sf7df8f}+. rGb|l;+x s'n'ª ;+:yfks cWoIf, kmf]lgh cfof]hsM g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt kqsf/ dxf;+3 -kmf]lgh_

2. cGt/fli6«o >d ;+u7gssf] dxf;lGw, !^(, cflbjf;L tyf hghlt ;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(*( Wf/f ­ !=!=-s_M ­ ;fF:s[lts / cfly{s cj:yfx?n] /fli6«o ;d'bfosf cGo ;d"xx?af6 km/s /x]sf, tof/L cj:yf cfk\mg} k/Dk/f jf k|yf jf ljz]if sfg"gsf] jf lgodx?sf] sf/0faf6 k"0f{ of cf+lzs?kdf ;+rflnt ePsf :jtGq d'n'ssf hghfltx?. Wf/f ­ !=!=-v_M ­ ljho ul/Psf jf cf}klgj]zLs/0fsf jf jt{dfg /fHo l;dfgfsf] :yfkgf x'Fbfsf avt d'n's jf ;f] d'n's /x]sf] s'g} ef}uf]lns If]qdf a;f]af; u/]sf afl;Gbx?sf] j+z ePsf] sf/0fn] cflbjf;L dflgg] / cfk\mgf] sfg"gL x}l;otn] h:tf];'s} eP tfklg cfk\mgf] s]xL jf ;a} ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+:s]lts / /fhgLlts ;+:yfx? sfod /fVg] :jtGq d'n'ssf hgtfx?. Wff/f ­ !=@= cflbjf;L tyf hghfltsf] ?kdf :jklxrfgnfO{ o; dxf;lGwsf Joj:yfx? Nffu" x'g] ;d"xx?sf] lgwf{/0f ug{sf]nflu Pp6f df}lns dfkb08 dflgg]5. Wff/f ­ !=#= o; dxf;lGwdf k|o'Qm hgtf zAbnfO{ cGt/f{li6o sfg"gcGt{ut ;f] zAbn] hgfpg ;Sg] clwsf/x?sf ;DaGwdf s'g} klg k|efj kfg]{ u/L JofVof ul/g] 5}g.

3. cflbjf;L hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fgsf] Aoj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g— @)%* P]gsf] kl/R5]b !-@_-s_ …cflbjf;L hghflt eGgfn] cfkm\gf] dft[efiff / k/Dk/fut /Lltl/jfh, 5'6\6} ;f+:s[lts klxrfg, 5'6\6} ;fdflhs ;+/rgf / lnlvt jf clnlvt Oltxf; ePsf] cg';"rL adf]lhdsf] hflt jf ;d'bfo ;Demg' k5{.’

4. List of Indigenous Nationalities as per NFDIN Act-2002, Schedule-1 SNEthnic GroupSNEthnic GroupSNEthnic GroupSN Ethnic Group(N) Not reflected in Census-2011 1Bhote\Khampa (35)17Hyolmo (59)33Rai (42)48Tin Gaunle Thakali (16) 2 Dhanuk \Rajbanshi (25)18Gurung (6)34Kushwadia(3)49Barah Gaunle Thakali (32) 3Dolpo (12)19Hayu (58)35Walung (51)50Marphali Thakali (38) 4 Jhangad\]Dhagar (11)20Jirel(10)36Yakkha (41)51Mugumpa \Mugali (39) 5Topkegola (17)21Rajbanshi\Koche (44)37Raji (45)52Tangbe (13) 6Bote (33)22Kumal (2)38Raute (43)53Bankariya (30)M 7 Brahmu/Baramo (31)23Kusunda(4)39 Satar/Santhal (54)54Chhairoten (9)R 8Byasi/Sauka (52)24Lepcha (48)40Sherpa (53)55Thudam (21) 9Chepang/Praja ()725 Lhomi \Shingsawa (50)41Sunuwar (56)56Free (29)R 10 Chhantyal/Chhantel (8)26Lhopa (49)42Tajpuriya (14)57Larke (46) /Nubri 11Danuwar (22)27Limbu (47)43Tamang (15)58Siyar (55)/Chumba 12Darai (23)28Magar (36)44Thakali (18)59Surel (57) 13Dhimal (26)29Majhi (37)45Thami (19) 14Dura (24)30Meche \Bodo (40)46Tharu (20) N=Not in the Census Report-2011 15Gangai (5)31Newar (27) 47Kisan (1)R=removed in HLTF Report 16Bhujel (34)32Pahari (28)M=merged in HLTF Report 35% of the total population

5. cflbjf;L hghflt ;"rL kl/dfh{g pRr:t/Lo sfo{bn– @)^% n] @)^^.!!.% df l;kmfl/; u/]sf yk @% hflt tyf ;d'bfox¿ qm=; += hfltqm=; += hfltqm=; += hfltqm= ;+= Hfflt )!=s'n'ª)*=v'gfxf!%=lGxGjf@@ = s'dL{ )@=ofDkm")(=s]j/t!^=x\o"N5f]b"g@#=ykNof Jof;L )#=cf7kxl/of!)=uf]+8!&=cdft@$=lnldoF )$=nf]xf]¿ª!!=s]j6-sfkl8_!*=vl8of@%=lª:ofª )%=/fgfyf¿!@=sfdf{/f]ª!(=lj/f6 /fhj+zL )^=d'08f!#=lgiffb@)=3\ofN;'Dbf] gfkf{ )&=;f]gfxf!$6\x"Sr'n'ª@!=u8]l/of -e]l8x/_ gf]6M ­ sfo{bnsf] l;kmfl/;df gk/]sf t/ k|lti7fgsf] dfkb08x¿ k'u]sf] egL ;"rLs/0fsfnflu ;+3if{ ul//x]sf yk ;d'bfox¿ ­ afGtjf, rflDn8, y'n'ª, vflnª, aflxª, ltn'ª, ;fDkfª, gfl5l/ª, d]jfxfª, h]/f], vjf;, 3n], 8f]g], s'Desf/ s'dfn, s7l/of yf¿ / vfd cflb /x]sf5g\. -s'n hg;+Vof #Ü _

6. ;~rf/ eGgfn] s] a'lemG5<  cfˆgf cfjfhx¿ cleJoQm ug{;Sg], ax;df ;xeflu x'g;Sg] / cflbjf;L hghfltsf] hLjgx¿df c;/kfg]{ lg0f{ox¿nfO{ k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ;~rf/ xf] eGg] a'em\g'kb{5. - Communication for Empowerment in Nepal(C4E), An Assessment of communication and media needs among indigenous peoples-2009, UNDP(RCB), Social Change Consortium and UNDEF, Terms and Definitions _

7. ;"rgf eGgfn] s] a'lemG5<  ……;"rgfÚÚ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs lgsfoaf6 ;Dkfbg x'g] jf ePsf] ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] sfd, tT;DaGwL sf/jfxL jf lg0f{o;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} lnvt, ;fdu|L jf hfgsf/L ;Demg' k5{. -;"rgfsf] xs ;DaGwL P]g–@)^$, bkmf–@-v__  ;jfn tyf clwsf/x¿sf] a'emfOdfkm{t cflbjf;L hghflt ;zlQms/0fsf]nflu ;"rgf Ps k"j{ ;t{ xf].- C4E, Terms & Definitions, 2009, UNDP, RCO, Bangkok _

8. ;"rgfsf] xs eGgfn] s] a'lemG5< ……;"rgfsf] xsÚÚ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf /x]sf] ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ;"rgf dfUg] / kfpg] clwsf/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf /x]sf] s'g} lnvt, ;fdu|L jf ;f] lgsfosf] sfd sf/jfxLsf] cWoog jf cjnf]sg ug]{, To:tf] lnvtsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk k|fKt ug]{, ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ e}/x]sf] :ynsf] e|d0f / cjnf]sg ug]{, s'g} ;fdu|Lsf] k|dfl0ft gd"gf lng] jf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] oGqdf /flvPsf] ;"rgf To:tf] oGq dfkm{t k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5. -;"rgfsf] xssf] P]g ­ @)^$ / lgodfjnL ­ @)^%_

9. k[i7e"dLM  æg]kfnL ldl8ofdf afx'g, If]qL / s]xL g]jf/ k'?if xfjL 5g\. o; sf/0fn] ;dfhsf] ax'ntf / ljljwtfsf] g]kfnL ld8ofn] k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g. o;n] ubf{ g]kfnL ldl8ofsf] ljZj;lgotf / k|hftflGqs ;+/rgfdf k|Zg lrGx nufpg] 7fpF 5.Æ - jGt, k|To'if @)%* M æg]kfnL ldl8ofsf] jt{dfg l:yltÆ, g]kfnL ldl8ofdf blnt / hghflt -;Dkf= k|To'if jGt / z]v/ k/fh'nL_, Pstf a'S;, sf7df8f}+. k[i7 !%_  b]zsf] ax'cfoflds ljsf;sfnflu ;dfj]lzs/0fsf] ckl/xfo{tf Pp6f :yflkt l;4fGt eO;s]sf] 5. -;dfj]zL ldl8of cfof]usf] k|ltj]g, @)^# -;g\ @))^__

10. k[i7e"dLM  ;a} juL{s/0f tyf lje]bx¿ g]kfnnfO{ lxGb" clw/fHo / g]kfnL jf v; efiffnfO{ Ps dfq ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff 3f]if0ff ug]{ ;/sf/L gLlt vf;u/L ;g\ !(^) sf] lgb{nLo /fhg}lts k|0ffnLåf/f ;'b[9 kfl/Psf x'g\. o; ;Fu;Fu} o;n] g]kfnsf] ax'wflds{, ax'hftLo, ax';f+:s[lts / ax'eflifs rl/qnfO{ a]jf:tf u¥of] / v; eflifs tyf ;f+:s[lts clt/fi6«jfbsf] l;h{gf u¥of] / of] gLlt ;g\ !(() df nf]stGqsf] k'gMaxfnLkl5 klg sfod} /xof]. -g]kfn dfgjclwsf/ k|ltj]bg–;g\ @))( -@)^^_, ;+o'Qm /fli6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd, k[=!*_

11. k[i7e"dLM o cflbjf;L hghflt ;d"xsf kqsf/x¿ tyf÷jf Jofj;flos ;~rf/sdL{x¿sf] Go"g k|ltlglw / ltgLx¿sf] l;ldt Ifdtf, cGo ;d"xx¿sf kqsf/x¿df cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿;DaGwL ePsf] l;ldt 1fgn] :yflgo tyf /fli6«o:t/sf ;fj{hlgs ax;x¿df cflbjf;L hghfltsf cfjfhx¿ / ;xeflutfnfO{ ;+s"lrt kf/]sf] 5, h;n] gLlt lgdf{0fsf k|lqmofsf ;fy} ltgLx¿sf hLjgx¿nfO{ c;/ kfg]{ lg0f{ox¿nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ jf :j¿k k|bfg ug]{ ub{5. - g]kfndf ;zlQms/0fsfnflu ;~rf/ - C4E, Report, UNDP _, k|ltj]bg–@))(-O{=;+=_

12. d"nwf/sf ;+rf/dfWodx¿k|lt cflbjf;L hghfltsf] a'emfO{ d"nwf/sf] ;+rf/dfWodx¿n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;jfnx¿sf] ;dfrf/ ;fdfGotof ;+k|]if0f ub}{g. ;+k|]ifLt ;dfrf/ klg lgikIf, ;sf/fTds tyf k|efjsf/L ?kdf gug]{. ;+rf/ gLlt c;dfj]zL 5. clwsf/ / klxrfgsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ d'nwf/sf ;+rf/dfWodn] hftLotf / ;fDk|bflostf;Fu hf]8\g].

13. IPs=6 min. and Non-IPs=450 minute

16. IPs News in three Mainstream Print Media

19. d"nwf/sf ;+rf/dfWodx¿sf] cflbjf;L hghfltk|ltsf] a'emfO{ cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/df cfwfl/t ;jfnx¿ hftLo, ;fDk|bflos / ljv08gjfbL pGd'v /x]sf]. cfˆgf ;jfnx¿sf] k|:t'ltdf pu|tf tyf cltjfbsf] xfjL. cfˆgf ;jfnx¿ d"nwf/sf ;+rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ a'emfpg] kxnx?sf] cefj. cflbjf;L hghfltsf cflwsf/d"vL d'2f jf pgLx?sf] ;F:s[lt, k/Dk/f / /Lltl/jfhx? ahf/df 7"nf] dxTjsf] x'Fb}g eGg] ;Dkfbsx?sf] a'emfO{ 5. -kmf]lgh cWoog k|ltj]bg–@)!$O{=;+=_ :jtGq / Jofj;flos kqsfl/tfsf] cEof; ug{ glbO{ kqsfl/tfdfly xdnf ug]{ u/]sf] -@)^* ;fn h]7 &, * / ( sf] 36gf_

20. k[i7e"dLM b]zsf] ax'cfoflds ljsf;sfnflu ;dfj]lzs/0fsf] ckl/xfo{tf Pp6f :yflkt l;4fGt eO;s]sf] 5. - ;dfj]zL ldl8of cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg_ ;~rf/ ̷ ;~rf/dfWoddf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;xeflutfsf] cj:yf -Go"g_ / cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;dfhtkm{ ;+rf/dfWod -ldl8of_ sf] c;/ g]kfndf ;d:ofu|:t ;jfnx¿ x'g\. - Participation of Indigenous Peoples in Mass Media A Case Study of FM Radios in Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal, Prakash Sapkota-2013, P.2 _ d"No dfGotf cg's'n cflbjf;L hghflt / ;+rf/dfWodaLr cfk;L ;Gt'li6 gePsf] cj:yf.

23. ;+rf/dfWodM kl/efiffM -s_cfd;~rf/dfWod Ps ;d"x xf] h;n] lgwf{l/t d"No;lxtsf] ;Gb]zx¿ lgdf{0f ub{5 / tL ;Gb]zx¿nfO{ ljz]if hgdfg;sf] aLrdf ljlzi6 nIo xfl;n ug{sfnflu ljt/0f ub{5. tL ;d"xdf ;dfrf/kq, rnlrq lgdf{0fzfnf, 6]lnlehg ;~hfn, /]l8of] :6]zgx¿, / tyfslyt …PsLs[t ;+~rf/Ú cflb ;a} hf] dflg; tyf sDkgLx¿sf] c+z xf] / ;fd"lxstf;+u ;DaGw /fVb5. ( http://www.understandmedia.com/ml-basics/8-what-is-the-media)

24. ;+rf/dfWod tyf ldl8ofM kl/efiff - qmdzM_ kl/efiffM -v_cfd;~rf/dfWodsf ;a}If]q -d'Vou/L ldl8od\ j]e\, ;6{j]e\, Pkm\Pd\ tyf OG6/g]6 /]l8of] k|;f/0f, 6]lnlehg k|;f/0f -s]an, :of6nfO6 / OG6/g]6 k|f]6f]sn 6]lnlehg;lxt_ 5fkfsf ;~rf/dfWod, lj1fkg tyf rnlrq_ ;a} o; gLltsf] If]qleq kb{5. k|;f/0f, 5fkfvfgf tyf k|sfzg, lj1fkg tyf rnlrq ;DaGwL ;a} lgodx¿ o; gLltsf] k|efjleq kb{5. (Nepal Media Policy, 2012, Rev.0-3)

25. -s_ d'nwf/ d'nwf/sf ldl8of tyf ;+rf/dfWod tL x'g\ h;n] 7"nf] dfqfdf ljt/0f ub{5g\, h;sf sf/0f ;~rf/dfWodsf ax'dt kf7sx¿;Fu ;fdgf x'G5. pQm zAbn] tL ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ klg a'emfpFb5 h;n] ljBdfg k|rngdf /x]sf ljrf/, k|efj of ultljlwx¿nfO{ k|ltlalDat ub{5. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstream_media) ;+rf/dfWod tyf ldl8of M k|sf/

26. -v_ j}slNksM != ;fdfGoM Jofj;flos ;~rfng jf l;l08s]6 jf ;/sf/L lgsfosf] lgoGq0fdf g/x]sf s'g} klg k|sf/sf ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ j}slNks ;~rf/dfWodsf]¿kdf lnOG5. o;¿ksf] ;~rf/dfWoddf k/Dk/fut ¿ksf] ;dfrf/kq tyf DofuhLgx¿ jf /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, / rnlrqx¿ kg{ ;Sb5g\. j}slNks ;~rf/dfWoddf j]A;fO6x¿, O{– a'sx¿ tyf O{–DofuhLgx¿, ;'Gg] tyf x]g]{ lel8of] of cgnfOgdf pknAw x'g] gofF k|sf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx¿ klg kg{ ;Sb5g\. 7'nf ;~rf/dfWod of ;/sf/L lgoGq0fsf] ;~rf/dfWoddf k|:t't ul/PsfeGbf km/s b[li6sf]0f /fVg' j}slNks ;~rf/dfWosf] sfo{ xf]. (http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-alternative-media.htm)

27. ;+rf/dfWod tyf ldl8ofM @=@=-v_ j}slNksM @= ;fd'bflos klqsfl/tf ……;fd'bflos ;+rf/ ;d'bfosf] pGgltsfnflu ;d'bfosf ;jfnx¿sf ljifosf] ;dfrf/x¿;lxt ;d'bfon] k|bfg ug]{ l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df x'G5 h;sf] rog / k}/jL ;d'bfon] ub{5 / ;fdfGotof ;d'bfonfO{ ;dy{g ub{5.ÚÚ - Warner Charles) #= gful/s :jo+ -gful/s kqsfl/tf_ Jofj;flos kqsf/x¿h:tf] k|lzlIft gul/Psf gful/af6 ;dfrf/ tyf ;"rgfsf] ;+sng, n]vg, ;Dkfbg, pTkfbg / ljt/0f ul/g] kqsfl/tf gful/s kqsfl/tf xf]. - http://www2.uncp.edu/home/acurtis/Courses/ResourcesForCourses/ Journalism/CitizenJournalism.html _ Warner Charles, University of Missouri School of Journalism, the USA,

28. j}slNks tyf ;fd'bflos k|sfzg gkfOPsf @^ cflbjf;L hghfltx¿M  != ls;fg @= ugufO{, #= emfu8, $= tfªa], %= bg'jf/, ^= b/fO{ &= a/fd, *=d'ufn, (= d]r], !)= /fhj+zL, !!= /fhL, !@= nfKrf, !#= nfs]{, !$= jfn'ª, !%= JofF;L, !^= ;Gyfn, !&= l;of/, !*= xfo', !(= Xof]Ndf], @)= y'bfd, @!= ;'/]n, @@= wfg's, @#= s'rjf8Lof, @$= Nxf]kf, @%= /fp6] / @^= s';'G8fn] cfh;Dd Pp6f :dfl/sf ;d]t k|sfzg ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\.-kmf]lgh cWoog–@)&)_

29. ;+rf/dfWodsf] pQ/bfloTj tyf lhDd]jf/L  nf]stGqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofpgsf nflu cfd ;~rf/sf dfWod k|lta4 / x/bd lqmofzLn /xg'k5{. ltgn] /fHosf] ljleGg lqmofsnfknfO{ ljZj;gLo, tYok/s, j:t'ut, lgeL{s / ;Gt'lnt 9+uaf6 hg;dIf k'¥ofpg'k5{. nf]stflGqs ;+:sf/sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;fdflhs ;b\efj Pjd\ ;fd~h:o clej[l4nfO{ ;~rf/ dfWodx¿n] cfkm\gf] k|d'v bfloTj 7fGg'kb{5. -e"dLsf,/fw]Zofd clwsf/L, cWoIf, pRr:t/Lo ldl8of ;'emfj cfof]u, @)^#_

30. ;+rf/dfWodsf] pQ/bfloTj tyf lhDd]jf/L  jt{dfgdf d'n'ssf ;a} If]qdf k'gM;+/rgf / ;dfj]lztfsf] ax; cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 / o; ax;af6 ;~rf/ If]q klg 6f9f /xg ;Sb}g, t;y{ g]kfnL ;~rf/ dfWodn] PsnjfbL ;f]r, ;+/rgf / ;fdu|Lsf] bfo/faf6 dfly p7\b} nf]stGqsf] lbuf] ljsf;, hjfkmb]xLk"0f{ zf;gk|0ffnL, ;|f]t;fwgsf] Gofok"0f{ ljt/0f, ;a} ju{,;d'bfosf] ;fd"lxs lxtdf cfˆgf] e"ldsf lj:tf/ ug'{ cfjZos ePsf] 5. -;~rf/ dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u,@)^(, !=#= ;~rf/dfWoddf ;dfj]zLs/0f lsg <_

31. ;+rf/dfWodsf] pQ/bfloTj tyf lhDd]jf/L ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj lg0f{ox¿ ug{sfnflu lg0f{ostf{x¿sf] sQ{Jo xf] h;n] ltgLx¿sf cfˆgf lxt;lxt ;du|df ;dfh sNof0fsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;'wf/ ub{5. - Keith Davis, Management Innovations, cited on Student’s Research, Global Media Journal – Indian Edition/ Summer Issue / June 2011, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE OBLIGATION OF MASS MEDIA, Shabarni Basu) …wfld{s, n}+lus,ef}uf]lns tyf hftLo lje]b ef]lu/x]sf hgtf tyf ;dfg cj;/af6 jl~rt kIfsf tkm{af6 cfjfh p7fpg' ;~rf/ hutsf] st{Jo x'g cfpF5. -pRr:t/Lo ldl8of ;'emfj cfof]u @)^#_

32. Jofj;flos ;+:yfgx¿sf] % ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjx¿M– Joj;fo ;dfhd} /xg] / ;dfhs}nflu ul/g] ePsf]n] ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj ;fdflhs zlQmaf6} p7\b5. 1. bf]xf]/f] v'nf ;~rfng k|0fflndf cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 -s_ ;dfhaf6 lngsfnflu v'nf x'g'kg]{ / -v_ hgtfsfnflu o;sf] ;~rfng v'nf ul/g' kg]{. 1. lqmofsnfk, pTkfbg jf ;]jfsf] ;fdflhs nfut tyf nfex¿ /fd|/L lgsfNg' kb{5 / To;;+u cufl8 a9g] ls ga9g] eGg] lg0f{odf ljrf/ ug'{ kb{5. 2. k|To]s lqmofsnfk, pTkfbg jf ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdflhs nfutx¿ pkef]QmfnfO{ k|bfg ug'{kb{5. 3.lglZrt ;fdflhs ;d:ofx¿df ;+nUg x'gsfnflu Jofj;flos ;+:yfgx¿sf] gful/sx¿ em}+ pQ/bfloTj /xG5 h'g cfˆgf] ;fdfGo sfo{;~rfngsf] If]qx¿eGbf aflx/sf x'G5g\. - Keith-Davis 5 Model of CSR, Managementt Innovations)

33. ;~rf/dfWodx¿df cflbjf;L hghfltsf dfgjclwsf/sf] af/]df ePsf k|fjwfg  cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;l3o 3f]if0ffkq–@))&-O{=;+=_ sf] wf/f– !^=!= o ……cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ pgLx¿sf] cfˆg} efiffdf cfˆg} ;~rf/dfWod :yfkgf ug]{ / s'g} e]befjlagf ;a} k|sf/sf u}/cflbjf;L ;~rf/dfWoddf kx'Fr k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ 5 ÚÚ  cflbjf;L hghflt;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o >d ;+u7gsf] dxf;lGw–!^( sf] wf/f–#)=@= o cfˆg} ;~rf/dfWod :yfkgf ug{ kfOg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5.

34. ;~rf/dfWod, ;+qmd0fsfn / åGbaLrsf] cGt/;DaGw  ;~rf/lj1 dpnfgfåf/f k|ltkflbt …lge{/tfsf] l;4fGtÚ cg';f/ åGb / ;+qmd0fsf] ;dodf cfd;~rf/dfWoddflysf] lge{/tf a9\g] u5{.- lbSkfn_  cfd;~rf/dfWodx¿n] ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x gu/L pTkLl8t / cNk;+Vosx¿sf] cfjfhnfO{ g;d]6g] xf] eg] ;dfhdf åGb a9\g ;Sb5. -Gofcf]nL lgpDofg, :kfO/n ckm ;fOn]G;sf] l;4fGt, lbskfn_

35. pRr:t/Lo ldl8of ;'emfj cfof]u– @)^# kqsfl/tfsf] If]qdf dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d';ndfg, ckfËtf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{x¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{kg]{. o:tf kqsf/x¿sf] ;Lk ljsf;sf lglDt tflnd / k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5. o; lglDt ;Da4 ;~rf/ dfWodsf cltl/Qm /fHon] ;d]t nufgL ug'{ h?/L 5. ;~rf/ dfWodx¿n] kqsf/x¿sf] ;]jfsfnLg tflndnfO{ ljz]if dxTj / ;x'lnot lbg'kb{5. /fli6«o ;~rf/ gLltdf n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] ljifonfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g'kg]{.

36. ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u—@)^( ;~rf/dfWoddf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] p2]Zo ;dfj]zL eGgfn] /fHoåf/f hfgL–hfgL jf c~hfgdf /fHosf] ;|f]t, ;fwgdf kx'Fr / ;]jf ;'ljwfaf6 al~rt u/fOPsf jf x'g k'u]sf ;d'bfo / If]qnfO{ To:tf] ;|f]t / ;fwgdf kx'Fr k'¥ofO{ ;]jf / ;'ljwf kfpgsf nflu ;dfg ¿kn] ;xefuL x'g kfpg] k|lqmof ;'lglZrt ug'{sf ;fy} lghL If]qnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f k|lqmofdf k|f]T;flxt ub{} ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt ;d"xnfO{ lghL ;|f]tdf klg kx'Fr pknAw u/fpg] eGg] a'lemG5. To:tf ju{ / ;d'bfonfO{ /fHosf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt ub}{ nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHo lgdf{0f ug'{ ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] d"n p2]Zo xf].

37. ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ d+qfnosf] sfo{If]q  hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] cfwf/e"t d"No tyf dfGotfx¿sf] ;+/If0f tyf P]Soa4tfsf] ;xlhs/0f ug{ / /f;i6«olxtsf] pRr k|fyldstf cg';f/ /fli6«o Pstfsfnflu ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;lqmo agfpg'.

38. cflbjf;L hghfltsf k|d'v ;jfnx?M–  :jklxrfg,  :jtGq k"j{ ;';"lrt ;xdlt,  ;dfj]zLo ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj o cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ o gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/  dlxnf, afnaflnsf, lszf]/, o'jf, kl/kSj ;d"x -$!–^$ jif{_ / j[4  lje]bsf] Go"lgs/0f / ;dtfd'ns ;dfgtfsf] k|a4{g  :jzf;g / :jfoQtfsfnflu ;+l3otf  klxrfg;lxtsf] ;+l3otf ;+l3otf;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg

39. ;~rf/ If]qdf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] k|of;M–  g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] sfo{;ldltdf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt-@_ / dw]zL ;d'bfosf $ hgf s]Gb|Lo ;b:osf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5. To;}u/L ef}uf]lns If]qaf6 s]Gb|df k|To]s ljsf; If]qaf6 @.@ hgf / pkTosfaf6 @ hgf u/L !@ hgf s]Gb|Lo ;b:odf lgjf{lrt x'g] Joj:yf.  k|]; rf}tf/L g]kfnn] cflbjf;L hghfltsfnflu @, dw]zLsf –@, blnt–! / kfFr ljsf; If]qaf6 !.! hgf dlxnf k|ltlglwsf] clgjfo{ Joj:yf 5.  g]kfn k|]; o'lgogn] cflbjf;L hghflt–!, dw]zL–!, blnt–! / dlxnf pkfWoIf–!, clgjfo{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5.

41. lgisif{M  ldl8ofdf cfPsf ;dfrf/x?sf] ;dfj]zL /fHo / bLuf] nf]stGqsfnflu pGd'v 5g\ 5}gg\ eGg] dfkb08x? lgwf{/0f gePsfn] cg'udg ug]{ lgsfox? ;d]t k/Dk/fut sfo{If]qd} l;ldt /xL/x]sf 5g\.  ljZj;gLotf, lgikIftf / kf7ssf] sf]0faf6 d'nwf/sf lglh ldl8of lgSs} z;Qm b]lvPsf] 5 t/ of] ;dfj]zL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g / Jofj;flos ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj jxg klg cfjZos dfqfdf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g.  cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] ldl8ofdf /x]sf l;ldt cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfoaf6 ;"rgf k|jfxdf 7"nf] ;xof]usf] ck]Iff ug{] u/]sf] t/ ;~rf/dfWod / To;sf hgzlQmx? ;+j]bgzLn gePsf sf/0f cfk;L åGb / b'/L a9g] u/]sf] 5.  ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u— @)^( n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf ;~rf/dfWodsf dfkb08x¿ ;~rf/ P]g, sfg'g, gLlt, lgoddf kl/0ft u/L sfof{Gjog gul/~h]n ljBdfg ;fdflhs åGbsf] lg/fs/0f x'g] cfwf/ b]lvb}g.

42. ;'emfjx?M–kmf]lghn] ug'{kg]{  ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u—@)^( n] k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ gLlt lgdf{0f agfpg ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;dGjo ug]{.  cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿nfO{ d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx¿df kx'Fr u/fpg ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{.  /fli6«o:t/df d'nwf/sf :ynut ;+rf/sdL{x¿, Go"h¿dsf] ljifout ;Dkfbs jf cflwsfl/s ;~rf/ld{x¿;Fu ;dGjo ug]{.  :yflgo tyf lhNnf:t/df kmf]lghsf] zfvfdfkm{t g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3nufot ;+rf/sld{x¿sf] ljleGg ;+hfn ̷ ;+3 ̷ dxf;+3;Fu ;dGjo u/L hg:t/df cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿sf] kx'Fr d'nwf/sf] ;+rf/dfWodx¿df k'¥ofpg kxn ug]{.

43. ;'emfjx?M–kmf]lghn] ug'{kg]{  /fli6«o:t/df kmf]lghn] cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿sf] kx'Fr d'nwf/sf] ;+rf/dfWodx¿df k'¥ofpg d'nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx¿sf gLlt lgdf{0fstf{, nuflgstf{, k|wfg;Dkfbs, tyf Joj:yfkg kIf;Fu cf ̷ h sf ;jfnx¿k|lt ;+rf/dfWodx¿sf] ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf] af/]df ;d]t 5nkmn ug{ u/fpg- g]lkmg;lxt_ ;dGjo ug]{.  bL3{sflng /0fgLlts ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmd ̷ sfo{of]hgf cGt{ut eO/x]sf cflbjf;L hghflt ;+rf/sdL{x¿sf] Jofj;flos Ifdtfsf ;fy} tYout k}/jL Ifdtfsf] ;d]t ljsf; ug'{kg]{.  cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;~rf/sdL{x¿sf] kx'Fr a[l4 u/fpg yk hgzlQmx¿ lgdf{0f u/L ;dfj]zL ldl8ofsf] l;4fGtx¿ sfof{Gjog u/fpg d"nwf/sf ;+rf/dfWodx¿;Fu ;dGjo ug'[{kg]{.

44. ;'emfjx?M–kmf]lghn] ug'{kg]{  g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3 (NFFIN), /fli6«o cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnf dxf;+3 (NIWF), cflbjf;L tyf hghflt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3 – g]kfn- NGO-FONIN), cflbjf;L hghflt o"jf dxf;+3 (YFIN), cflbjf;L hghflt ljBfyL{ dxf;+3 (FINS), cflbjf;L hghflt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3- NGO- FION), cflbjf;L ls/ft dxf;+3 - FIKA), cflbjf;L hghflt ;"rLs/0f ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ;ldlt (JSCEOIPs) cflbsf] k|ltlglwx¿ / d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx¿sf] k|ltlglwx¿aLr Ps ;+rf/ ;dfj]zL ;d"x lgdf{0fsfnflu 5nkmn sfo{qmd /fvL d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx¿df cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿sf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg Jofjxfl/s pkfox¿sf] klxrfg ug]{.  ;/sf/L tyf gLlh ldl8ofnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg …;dfj]zL ldl8of ;'emfa pRr:t/Lo cfof]u–@)^(Ún] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgsf] sfo{Gjogsf nflu kxn ug{'kg]{. ldl8ofn] ug{ ;Sg] k}/jL -PS6Llehd_ / p;sf] l;ldttfaf/] clwsf/jfbL ;+:yf, ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfoaLr lg/Gt/ ;Dafb ug{] Joint Struggle Committee of Enlistment Oriented Indigenous Peoples (JSCEOIPs)

45. ;'emfjx?M–kmf]lghn] ug'{kg]{  cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfosf JolQmx?nfO{ ldl8of If]qdf nfUg clek|]l/t ug{]  b]z tyf ljb]zdf cflbjf;L ldl8ofsdL{x?aLr cfk;df cg'ejx? cfbfgk|bfgsf] qmd lg/Gt/ hf/L /fVg]  b]zleq / aflx/ cflbjf;L hghflt ldl8ofsdL{x?sf] ;fd"lxs ;~hfn sdg g]6jls{ª k2tLsf] ljsf; ug]{  b]zsf ljleGg :yfgdf ;~rfngdf cfPsf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] clwsf/d'vL ;+rf/dfWodx?sf] /fli6«o ;~hfn ljsf; ug]{

46. ;~rf/If]qsf pBdzLn cflbjf;L hghfltsf JolQm tyf ;+:yfx¿n] ug'{kg]{– ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u, @)^# sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjo ug{.  lbuf] ;+rf/dfWod Joj:yfkg k2ltaf/] cGo ljrf/ ldNg] pBdsdL{x;Fu 5nkmn rnfpg],  cflbjf;L hghflt pBdzLnx¿sf] nuflgx? Plss[t ug{sf nflu ;Defljt If]qx?sf] vf]hL ug]{,  cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;fd"lxs clwsf/sf ;jfnx? cfd;~rf/dfWoddf Nofpg OdfGbfl/tfsf;fy kxn ug{'kg]{.

47. cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;+3;+:yfx¿n] ug'{kg]{M–  ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u, @)^# sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjo ug{.  cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;+3;+:yfx¿n] cfd;~rf/df ;jfnx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/ k'¥ofO/xg lglZrt dfkb08x¿ lgwf{/0f u/L cfly{s sf]if v8f ug]{ / ;f] sf]ifaf6 ;~rf/dfWoddf kx'Fr k'¥ofpg ul/g] sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ kmf]lghdfkm{t cfly{s nufot Ifdtf cg';f/sf] cGo ;xof]ux¿ pknAw u/fpg].  ;+o'Qm ;dGjo ;d"xsf] 5nkmnaf6 klxrfg ul/Psf pkfox¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;DalGwt cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;+3;+:yfx¿n] ;lqmo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kg]{.

48. cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;+3;+:yfx¿n] ug'{kg]{M–  k|efjsf/Ltfsfnflu cfˆgf ;jfnx¿sf] cleJolQm lzi6, ;Eo, tYout, tfls{s efiff z}lndf /fVg] sf}zntf ljsf; ug'{kg{].  j}slNks, ;fd'bflos ;+rf/dfWodx¿nufot ;fdflhs ;+hfn tyf gful/s kqsfl/tfx¿sf] clwstd k|of]u ug'{kg]{.  ldl8ofsdL{x?;Fu cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] clwsf/ / klxrfgaf/] 3lge"t 5nkmn ug]{  g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3 -g]lkmg_ n] kmf]lghsf] ;xlhs/0fdf lgoldt ldl8of cg'udg ug'{kg]{ / ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs u/L k}/jLsfnflu Ps cf}hf/sf?kdf k|ltj]bg k|of]u ul/g'kg]{.

49. cflbjf;L hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fgn] ug'{kg]{ ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u, @)^# sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg] ljleGg sfo{qmdxnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{.  cflbjf;L hghflt ldl8ofsdL{ tyf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] clwsf/sf nflu ;sf/fTds ;f]r /fVg] ldl8ofsdL{ bIftf clea[l4 / k|f]T;fxgsf nflu tflnd, k'/:sf/, cWooga[lQ cflbsf] Joj:yf ug]{  cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;+rf/ If]qsf] ljsf; sfo{qmdx¿df kmf]lghnO{ cfly{s, ef}lts tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{.  cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;+:yfx¿nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] lgoldt ;+:yfut ljsf;sf cg'bfgaf6 ;+:yfut ;~rf/ ljsf;sfnflu of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿ lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpgdf hftLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ clek|]l/t ug]{.

50. cflbjf;L hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fgn] ug'{kg]{  s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu;Fu ;dGjo u/L cflbjf;L hghfltx¿sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, /fhg}lts, :jf:Yo cflb ;a} If]qx¿df /x]sf] 6f]n, j8f, ufpF, Onfsf, lhNnf, If]q / s]Gb|;Ddsf] jf:tljs tYofÍ ;+sng ug]{.  k|fKt vl08s[t tYofÍsf] cfwf/df bL3{sflng /0fgLlts sfo{qmd / sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L r/0fa4¿kdf ;/sf/ tyf bft[lgsfox¿;Fu ;Dks{ u/L cfjZos cfly{s ;|f]tsf] k|:tfj /fVg] / k|fKt ePsf ;|f]tx¿sf] cfwf/df sfof{Gjog ug]{.

51. g]kfn ;/sf/n] cltl/Qm?kdf ug'{kg]{M–  ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u, @)^# sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg' kg]{.  /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gn] k|Tofe"t u/]sf ;~rf/;DaGwL cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/x¿ ;'lglZrt ug{sfnflu ;~rf/dfWodx¿sf] cfGtl/s gLltx¿df;d]t Jofj;flos ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj sfof{Gjog ug{ nfpg'kg]{.  ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf] dfkb08x¿ clwsf/df cfwfl/t ljsf;jflb, ;dfj]zL ;dfg'kflts tyf cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfsf l;4fGtx¿df cfwfl/t /fVg nufpg' kg]{.  ;+rf/ P]g, sfg'g, gLlt, lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{lzsf tyf cfrf/;+lxtf sf] lgdf{0f ubf{ kmf]lghsf] ;xeflutf cy{k"0f{¿kdf x'g]u/L u/fpg' kg]{.  ;+rf/;DaGwL ljsf;sf of]hgf lgdf{0f, sfof{Gjog / cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg sfo{x¿df kmf]lghsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{.

52. ljsf;] ;fem]bf/ tyf bft[lgsfox¿n] ug'{kg]{M–  ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u, @)^# sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg] sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{kg]{.  b'O{kIfLo, ax'klIfo jf cGo s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ;~rf/;DaGwL ;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg ubf{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gåf/f k|Tofe"t ;+rf/;DaGwL cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/x¿ ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{.  ljsf;] ;fem]bf/ tyf bft[lgsfox¿n] cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ If]qx¿df ;+rf/;DaGwLsf lqmofsnfkx¿ ubf{ ltgLx¿sf] :jtGq k"j{ ;';"lrt ;xdltsf] clwsf/nfO{ cjnDag ug‘{kg]{.

53. d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx?n] ug'{kg]{M–  ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u, @)^# sf] k|ltj]bgsf l;kmfl/;x?nfO{ cfTd;ft u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ / u/fpgdf ;xof]u ug'{kg]{.  ;~rf/dfWodx¿df Jofj;flos ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj jxgsfnflu ;femf dfkb08x¿sf] ljsf; ug'{kg]{ / ;f] sf] sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg cfjlws¿kdf ug]{ jf u/fpg' kg]{.  pbfx/0fsf] nflu ^)Ü ;dfrf/ tyf n]v / $)Ü lj1fkg cflb of cGo cfwf/ . If]qut k|sfzg x'g] k[i7x¿sf] ;Gbe{df ;f]xL If]qdf /x]sf hfthflt hghfltut hg;+Vofsf] k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] dfkb08x¿ lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5.

54. d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx?n] ug'{kg]{M– cflbjf;L hghfltsf cfjfhx¿nfO{ Gofo k|bfg ug{sfnflu plrt 9Ën] ;dfrf/ ;+k|]if0f ug{ –l/kf]6{/, –k|d'v l/kf]6{/, –ljefluo k|d'v, –Go"h ;Dkfbs, –pk–k|wfg;Dkfbs / –k|wfg–;Dkfbsx¿ ;d]tnfO{ cflwsf/df cfwfl/t kqsfl/tf nufot cflbjf;L hghfltsf dfgjclwsf/sf af/]df cWoog dgg ug]{ jf u/fpg] gLlt cjnDag ug'{kg]{.

55. d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodsf ;~rf/sld{x?n] ug'{kg]{M–  ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u—@)^( n] k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bg nfu' ug{ u/fpg kxn ug'{kg]{.  d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx¿df ;+nUg ;~rf/sld{x¿n] JolQmut Ifdtf / kx'Frsf cfwf/df klg cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿nfO{ ulDe/tfk"j{s p7fg ug{ u/fpg Go"h Pl86/ ;dIf kxn ug'{kg]{.  d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodsf ;~rf/sdL{x¿n] cflbjf;L hghflt ;~rf/sdL{x¿;Fu / cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/sdL{ tyf ;+3;+:yfx¿;Fu lg/Gt/ ;Dks{df /xL cflbjf;L hghfltx¿sf] dd{ / ;jfnnfO{ a'emg] k|oTg u/L d"nwf/sf ;rf/dfWodx¿df ltgLx¿sf ;jfnx?nfO{ :yfg pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] pkfox¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg ;xlhs/0f ug]{ u/fpg].

56. cGtdfM ;~rf/dfWod / nf]stGqsf] ;DaGw  /fli6«o d"nwf/sf ldl8ofdf hftLo ;d"xx?sf] hlt hlt k|ltlglwTj a9\b} hfG5, Tolt g} ltgsf] ;fd'lxs cfjfh k|hftflGqs Pjd\ kl/jt{gsf/L aGb} hfg]. -l;s]nfn,e"ldsf, g]kfnL ldl8ofdf blnt tyf hghflt_

57. cg';"rL–!M ;dfj]zLs/0f pRr:t/Lo cfof]u @)^( #=! /fli6«o:t/sf] ;~rf/ dfWodsf dfkb08x¿ M ;~rf/ ;+:yfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f;DjGwL gLlt k"0f{ ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ePsf] x'g'kb{5Ù ;+:yfsf] cfˆg} n}lËs gLlt tyf cfly{s kf/blz{tf x'g'kb{5Ù hgzlQm lgo'lQm k|lqmofnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] c+lusf/ u/]sf] dfkb08nfO{ cg';/0f u/]sf] x'g'kb{5Ù ;+:yfsf] sfof{no Joj:yfkg / sfo{ jftfj/0f dlxnfd}qL / ckfËd}qL ePsf] x'g'kb{5Ù ;+:yfsf] gLlt lgdf{0f txdf dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d'l:nd ;d'bfo, ckfËtf ePsf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] x'g'kb{5Ù ;+:yfsf] ;dfrf/ sIfdf dlxnf, cflbjf;L ­ hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d';ndfg, ckfËtf ePsf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug{] ;~rf/sdL{sf] pkl:ylt x'g'kb{5 / cf–cfˆgf] If]qsf ;~rf/ ;fdu|Lsf] pTkfbg tyf ;Dkfbg sfo{df k|d'v e"ldsf lgjf{x pgLx¿nfO{ g} ug{ lbOg'kb{5Ù b]zsf] %) Ü eGbf a9L hg;ª\Vof If]qdf ljt/0f ­ k|;f/0f k'u]sf] x'g'kb{5Ù dfgj ;+;fwg / ;~rf/ ;fdu|Ldf ljt/0f÷k|;f/0f If]qleqsf ;a} cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s, n}lËs / eflifs / ;d'bfout ;d"xsf] k|ltztsf] cfwf/df k|ltlglwTj ePsf] x'g'kb{5Ù ljifoj:t' / sfo{qmddf ef}uf]lns, If]qLo / d'2fut ;Gt'ng sfod ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5.

58. cg';"rL–@M ;dfj]zLs/0f pRr:t/Lo cfof]u @)^( #=# ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodn] rfng'kg{] sbdx¿ M ljifoj:t tyf hgzlQmnfO{ lglZrt dfkb08sf cfwf/df k"0f{ ;dfg'kflts agfpg'kb{5Ù dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d'l:nd, tyf lk5l8Psf ;d'bfo jf ju{sf efiff, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/fsf ljifox¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ lgikIf ¿kdf k|sfzg / k|;f/0f ug'{kb{5Ù ;dfj]zL leqsf] ;dfj]zLnfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fv]/ ;dfj]zL ;d"xsf] ljljwtfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg]. ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodsf] kx'Fr ztk|ltzt hg;ª\Vof If]qdf k'¥ofpg'kb{5Ù s]Gb|df dfq sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ug]{ kl/kf6L qmdzM cGTo u/L If]qLo:t/df pTkfbg s]Gb|x¿ :yfkgf u/L sfo{qmddf ljljwtf Nofpg'kb{5Ù ;dfrf/ tyf cGo sfo{qmdx¿df If]qLo / ;d'bfout ;Gt'ng sfod ug'{kb{5Ù cGt/lqmofTds sfo{qmdx¿df yk ljljwtf Nofpg] / To:tf sfo{qmdx¿df pkTosf aflx/sf a'l4hLjL, ;dfh;]jL / lrGtsx¿nfO{ klg ;dfj]zL ?kdf ;dfj]z u/fpg'kb{5Ù :yfgLo :j/ / ;dfj]zL d'2fx¿nfO{ ;d]6\g ;dfrf/ sIfnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfOg'kb{5Ù >Job[Zo ;~rf/ dfWoddf sfo{qmd / ;fdu|Lsf] k|s[ltadf]lhdsf] e]ife"iff nufpg kfpg] jf nufpg'kg{] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5Ù df]km;nsf] ;dfrf/ lbFbf :yfgLo ljsf;, lgdf{0f, ;f+:s[lts, z}lIfs, ko{6sLo ;fdflhs / cfly{s kl/j]znfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5Ù If]qLo tyf :yfgLo efiffdf klg ;/sf/n] kqklqsf k|sfzg ug'{kb{5.

59. cg';"rL–#M ;dfj]zLs/0f pRr:t/Lo cfof]u @)^( #=$ ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodsf Joj:yfksLo g]t[TjnfO{ yk ;dfj]zL agfpgsfnflu l;kmfl/;M ;/sf/L ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] cjwf/0ff adf]lhd ;~rfng ug'{kb{5Ù g]t[Tj txsf] lgo'lQm v'nf k|lt:kwf{af6 ;~rf/ If]qdf sfo{/t /x]sf dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d';ndfg, ckfËtf ePsf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ul/g'kb{5Ù gLlt lgdf{0ftxdf lglZrt dfkb08 tf]sL dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d';ndfg, ckfËtf ePsf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{sf] clgjfo{ k|ltlglwTj u/fOg'kb{5Ù dw]zL, dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghflt, blnt, d';ndfg, ckfËtf ePsf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{d}qL ;~rf/ gLlt agfOg'kb{5 / pQm gLlt lgdf{0f ;+oGqdf tL ju{sf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/fOg'kb{5Ù If]qLo pTkfbg s]Gb|df :yfgLo hgzlQmnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5Ù lgo'lQmdf :yfgLo cNk;ª\Vos, lk5l8Psf] hflt, cflbjf;L ­ hghfltnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5Ù ;dfj]zL ;+/rgf geP;Dd dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d';ndfg, ckfËtf ePsf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{sf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] cf/If0f ^) k|ltztdf j[l4 u/L nfu" ul/g'kb{5Ù Go"gtd ## k|ltzt dlxnf clgjfo{ / dlxnfleq klg cfGtl/s ;dfj]zLs/0f ul/g' kb{5. ;dfj]zL dfgj ;+;fwg Joj:yfkg lgb{]lzsf tof/ u/L clgjfo{ ¿kdf nfu' ug]{. dw]zL, dlxnf, cflbjf;L ̷ hghflt, blnt, d'l:nd, ckfËtf ePsf tyf k5fl8 kfl/Psf ;d'fbosf ;~rf/sdL{x¿sf] k]zfsf] ;'/Iff / /fi6«n] lgwf{/0f ul/lbP cg'¿ksf] kfl/>ldssf] k|Tofe"lt ul/g'kb{5Ù ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpgsf nflu ;d]l6g] ljifoj:t'af/] ;fdu|L tof/ kfg{sf nflu ;dfj]zL ;d"xsf kqsf/x¿nfO{ g} lgo'lQmdf klxnf] k|fyldstf lbOg'kb{5.

60. cg';"rL–$M ;dfj]zLs/0f pRr:t/Lo cfof]u @)^( #=% lghL ;~rf/dfWodsf ;fdu|L ̷ hgzlQm Joj:yfkgnfO{ yk ;dfj]zL agfpg rflng'kg{] sbdx¿ M lghL ;~rf/ dfWoddf ;dfj]zLs/0f;DaGwL gLltsf] k"0f{ kfngf / sfof{Gjog ug{ lgb]{zg lbg'kb{5 / To:sf] cg'udg ug'{kb{5Ù ;~rf/ dfWodx¿sf :jfldTj, ;fdu|L / ;~rf/sdL{df ax'n;xeflutf ePsf]÷gePsf] x]/L ax'n;xeflutf ePsf ;~rf/u[xnfO{ cg'bfg÷;x'lnotsf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5Ù :yfgLo / If]qLo txdf ;~rflnt /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgn] cfˆgf] pkef]Qmf If]qsf] ;fdflhs agfj6sf cfwf/df ;xeflutfsf] clgjfo{ Joj:yf ug{'kb{5 / :yfgLo /fhgLlt, cy{, ;dfh, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/faf/] dft[efiffdf sfo{qmdx¿ pTkfbg tyf k|;f/0f ug{'kb{5Ù ;fd'bflos / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfdfkm{t ;~rfngdf /x]sf ;~rf/ dfWodsf sfo{;ldlt ;dfj]zL x'g}kg{] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5Ù :yfgLo :j/ / ;dfj]zL d'2fx¿nfO{ ;d]6\g ;dfrf/ sIfnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfOg'kb{5Ù dlxnf, cflbjf;L ̷ hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d';ndfg, ckfËtf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{sf ;~rf/sdL{sf] k]zfsf] ;'/Iff / /fi6«n] lgwf{/0f u/] cg'¿ksf] kfl/>ldssf] k|Tofe"lt ul/g'kb{5Ù ;dfj]zL gLltnfO{ clwstd ¿kdf ckgfpgsf nflu lghL ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{sf nflu To:tf ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ k'/:s[t ul/g'sf ;fy} ;x'lnot tyf ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5Ù gofF ;~rf/u[xnfO{ cg'dltkq lbFbf cfjZos k|lqmof / b:tfj]hx¿df ;dfj]zLs/0f;DaGwL gLltsf] kfngf ug'{kg{] zt{ ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5.

61. cg';"rL–%M ;dfj]zLs/0f pRr:t/Lo cfof]u @)^( #=^ kqsfl/tf If]qnfO{ yk ;dfj]zL agfpg k|]; sfplG;nn] lgjf{x ug'{kg{] e"ldsf M k]|; sfplG;n 5fkfdfWodsf] lgofds lgsfosf ¿kdf :yfkgf ul/Psf]n] o;sf] e"ldsf kqklqsfsf] juL{s/0fdf g} v'lDrPsf] 5. ljB'tLo ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ lgodg ug]{ lgsfo xfn;Dd 5}g. o:tf] l:yltdf k]|; sfplG;n P]g ;+zf]wg u/L k|;f/0f dfWodnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g] u/L kl/dfh{g ug'{kb{5Ù k]|; sfplG;nnfO{ …ldl8of sfplG;nÚ gfdfs/0f u/L ;a} ef}uf]lns If]q, hft– hflt, dlxnf, dw]zL, d';ndfg, lk5l8Psf] ju{, cflbjf;L÷hghfltsf k|a'4 JolQmx¿ tyf kqsf/x¿sf] k|ltlglwTj o;df u/fO{ ;dfj]zL agfOg'kb{5Ù k]|; sfplG;n -efjL ldl8of sfplG;n_ cfkm} ;dfj]zL geO{ kqsfl/tf If]qnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg g;lsg] ePsf]n] o;sf] ;Ë7gfTds ;+/rgfnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfOg'kb{5. k|:tfljt ldl8of sfplG;nnfO{ ;+j}wflgs dfGotf k|fKt lgsfosf ¿kdf :yflkt ul/g'kb{5Ù cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] lgo'lQm u}//fhg}lts?kdf ;DalGwt If]qsf ljz]if1nfO{ ;+;b\af6 ul/g'kb{5Ù ;~rf/ dfWoddf ;dfj]zLs/0f;DaGwL gLlt÷dfkb08÷cfrf/;+lxtf tof/ u/L To;sf] kfngf;DaGwL cg'udg ug]{ sfo{ oxL lgsfoaf6 x'g'kb{5Ù\ ljleGg efiff / lnlkdf lgl:sPsf ;fd'bfout / If]qut ¿kdf lgl:sPsf klqsfx¿nfO{ klg juL{s/0fdf kf/]/ tL klqsfsf ;fy} ;DalGwt efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f, k|j4{gdf of]ubfg lbg'kb{5Ù k|:tfljt ldl8of sfplG;n cGtu{t dft[efifL ;~rf/ OsfOsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5Ù ;~rf/ dfWodsf] d"NofÍg,cj;/ ̷̷ cg'bfg ljt/0f sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L, kf/bzL{ / lgikIf agfOg'kb{5Ù kqklqsfsf] d"NofÍg / juL{s/0fsf] Pp6f cfwf/sf ¿kdf ;dfj]zL rl/qnfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;d]l6g'kb{5Ù.

62. ;dfKt w}o{tfk"j{s k|:t'tLdf ;fy lbg' ePsf]df ;a} ;xeflu JolQmTjx¿k|lt cfef/ JoQm ub{5'. cf]nf]g"jM wGojfb Thank You rGb|l;+x s'n'ª ;+:yfks cWoIf, kmf]lgh @)&!.&.!$