1. Mullis1 Diatomics Di = two Atomic = atoms To achieve stability of 8 electrons in the outer shell of each atoms, these elements exist in pairs. Also kn0wn as the “Magnificent 7,” or BrINClHOF. NOF Cl Br I H N2N2 Br 2 I2I2 Cl 2 O2O2 H2H2 F2F2

2. Mullis2 Naming Compounds Binary Ionic Compounds Cation (+ charge ) is listed first. Name of cation is the chemical name. –For many transition metals, the ion is distinguished by the addition of a roman numeral after the chemical name. –Find charge of the anion and choose appropriate roman numeral to balance the charge. Name of the anion ends in –ide. Examples: Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide CuBr 2 copper(II) bromide

3. Mullis3 Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Molecular Compounds If more than one atom, name the first element with a numerical prefix. –The first element is the farthest to left on periodic table. –If elements are in same group, name the lower one first. Name the second element with a numerical prefix and a suffix –ide. For prefixes, drop o or a if the element name begins with a vowel. (Examples are monoxide and pentoxide.) Exceptions: Do not use mono- for first element. Prefix is not needed for H as first element. Examples: N 2 O 4 dinitrogen tetroxide OF 2 oxygen difluoride

4. Mullis4 Numerical Prefixes: Use for Molecular compounds only! NumberPrefix 1mono- 2di- 3tri- 4tetra- 5penta- 6hexa- 7hepta- 8octa- 9nona- 10deca-

5. Mullis5 Polyatomic ions Poly = many Atomic = atoms Entire group of atoms is an ion with a positive or negative charge. Within the polyatomic ion, atoms are bound covalently. Examples: Sulfate ion SO 4 2- S Carbonate ion CO 3 2- C

6. Mullis6 Oxyanions: Polyatomics Containing Oxygen -ate: The most common form (ClO 3 - ) -ite: One less oxygen atom (ClO 2 - ) Per-: One more oxygen atom (ClO 4 - ) Hypo-: One less than –ite ion (ClO - ) Recall: Anion has negative charge. Anion of Cl is chloride.

7. Mullis7 Naming Acids Definition of Acid (for now): H + donor in H 2 O H is the cation in acids (again for now). Need enough H + ions to balance the charge of the anion. AnionAcidExample -idehydro____icHCl = hydrochloric acid -ate_________icH 2 SO 4 = sulfuric acid -ite_________ousHClO 2 = chlorous acid HClO = hypochlorous acid

8. Mullis8 Naming Acids Binary Acid = 2 elements (HCl) –Begin with hydro-. –Use name of 2 nd element and end with –ic. –HCl is hydrochloric acid. Oxyacid = H + O + 3 rd element (H 2 SO 4 ) –Usually incorporates the polyatomic ion name into the acid name. –Written with H first, then the polyatomic ion. –H 2 SO 4 is sulfuric acid.