1. FS HN 167 Exam 2 2/22/16

2. Outline Lipids – Classifying – Hydrogenation – Digestion/Absorption – Functions and Lipoprotiens CVD – What is it? – Risk factors/Lifestyles/Diet modifications – Effect of different diets Protein – Amino Acids – Functions – Digestion/Absorption – Quality vs. quantity – Protein Energy Malnutrition – Non-traditional eating patterns Metabolism – Chemical energy – Energy metabolism – Feasting/Fasting states – Carb example Alcohol

3. LIPIDS

4. Classifying Lipids Triglycerides – 3 ways that they differ Phospholipids Sterols

5. Hydrogenation Explain the process chemically Why do they do it? Positives Negatives

6. Digestion and absorption Draw out and name substances with an important role

7. Body lipid functions and Lipoproteins List at least 3 functions of lipids in the body. Lipoproteins: Chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, HDL – Where is each synthesized? – What is the function of each?

8. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

9. Components of CVD What does CVD mean, what actually happens? “Good” and “Bad” cholesterol: why?

10. Risk factors/Lifestyle/Diet modifications Know lists: – 6 major risk factors for CVD – Lifestyle factors to reduce risk of CVD – Diet modifications for people who are already at risk of CVD

11. Effect of different diets on cholesterol levels Talk about a diet: – High in cholesterol – High in saturated fat – High in unsaturated fat – Low total fat

12. PROTEIN

13. Amino Acids Structure – Primary – Secondary – Tertiary – Quaternary

14. Functions Name at least 5 functions of proteins

15. Digestion and Absorption Draw out and name substances with an important role

16. Quality vs. Quantity Quality – High biological value – Low biological value Improving quality – Plant engineering – Supplementation – Complementation

17. Protein energy malnutrition Define: – Marasmus – Kwashiorkor

18. Non-traditional Eating Patterns Define: – Lacto-ovo-vegetarian – Lacto-vegetarian – Vegan Positives and negatives of these diets: list at least 4 of each

19. METABOLISM

20. Chemical Energy Where is chemical energy “trapped”? – What is this molecule called? Define: – Metabolism – Anabolism – Catabolism

21. Energy metabolism 3 Steps: – Conversion of energy yielding nutrient to Acetyl CoA (central step) – Go through TCA cycle (Krebs/Citric Acid/TCA) – Electron transport chain

22. Feasting/Fasting states Feasting “________ energy balance” – Insulin released. Effect? Fasting “_________ energy balance” – Know what happens when you have inadequate: Calories Protein Carbs

23. Carbohydrate Example Which cells use only glucose for energy? Short term and long term effects of inadequacy

24. ALCOHOL

25. Digestion and Absorption Where?

26. Metabolism/Rate Draw out diagram of pathways Factors that change rate of metabolism

27. Negative effects Short term Long term

28. Positive effects of alcohol Moderate consumption